Wan T, Pan J, Long Y, Yu K, Wang Y, Pan W et al. Dual roles of TPGS based microemulsion for tacrolimus: Enhancing the percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy. Int J Pharm. 2017;528:511–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.050

Suhail N, Alzahrani AK, Basha WJ, Kizilbash N, Zaidi Ambreen J & Khachfe HM. Microemulsions: unique properties, pharmacological applications, and targeted drug delivery. Front Nanatechnol 2021;3:754889.

Sahu GK, Sharma H, Gupta A, Kaur CD.. Advancements in microemulsion based drug delivery systems for better therapeutic effects. Int J Pharm Sci Dev Res 2015;1(008).

Sharma AK, Garg T, Goyal AK, Rath G.. Role of microemuslsions in advanced drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol,2016;44(4), 1177–85.

McClements DJ. Nanoemulsions versus microemulsions: terminology, differences, and similarities. Soft Matter. 2012;8(6):1719–29.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kushwah P, Sharma PK, Koka SS, Gupta A, Sharma R. & Darwhekar G N. Microemulgel: a novel approach for topical drug delivery. J Appl Pharm Res. 2021;9(3), 14–20.

Kreilgaard M. Influence of microemulsions on cutaneous drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev [Internet]. 2002;54:S77–98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00116-3

Fleischer Jr, AB. Treatment of atopic dermatitis: role of tacrolimus ointment as a topical noncorticosteroidal therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104(3), S126–30.

Pereira U, Boulais N, Lebonvallet N, Pennec JP, Dorange G, Misery L.. Mechanisms of the sensory effects of tacrolimus on the skin. Br J Dermatol, 2010;163(1), 70–7.

Agarwal A, Das A, Hassanandani T, Podder I, Panda M. Topical pramoxine in chronic pruritus: where do we stand? Indian J Dermatology. 2021;66(5):576.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pan W, Qin M, Zhang G, Long Y, Ruan W, Pan J, Combination of hydrotropic nicotinamide with nanoparticles for enhancing tacrolimus percutaneous delivery. Int J Nanomedicine [Internet]., Saudagar W, Sidram G, Baburo G, Agarwal G, Agarwal S, Gadgeppa BO et al. Development and Characterization of Terminalia arjuna Phospholipid Complex and Its Tablet Formulation by Qbd Approach: Pharmaceutical Science-Pharmaceutics for effective drug dosage. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res [Internet]. 2022;11. Available from:http://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.3.p14-28

J Zirwas M, Barkovic S. Anti-Pruritic efficacy of itch relief lotion and cream in patients with atopic history: comparison with hydrocortisone cream. J Drugs Dermatology: JDD. 2017;16(3):243–7.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Jacobi U, Kaiser M, Toll R, Mangelsdorf S, Audring H, Otberg N et al. Porcine ear skin: an in vitro model for human skin. Skin Res Technol [Internet]. 2007;13:19–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2006.00179.x

Savić V, Todosijević M, Ilić T, Lukić M, Mitsou E, Papadimitriou V, Savić S. Tacrolimus loaded biocompatible lecithin-based microemulsions with improved skin penetration:structure characterization and in vitro/in vivo performances. Int J Pharm. 2017;529(1–2):491–505.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wan T, Pan J, Long Y, Yu K, Wang Y, Pan W, … Xu Y.. Dual roles of TPGS based microemulsion for tacrolimus: enhancing the percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy. International journal of pharmaceutics, [2017] 528(1–2), 511–523.

Patel PV, Patel HK, Panchal SS, Mehta TA. Self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system of tacrolimus: formulation, in vitro evaluation and stability studies. Int J Pharm Invest. 2013;3(2):95.

Chouhan P, Saini TR.. D-optimal design and development of microemulsion based transungual drug delivery formulation of Ciclopirox olamine for treatment of onychomycosis. Indian J Pharm Sci, 2016;78(4), 498–511.

Pineros I, Slowing K, Serrano DR, de Pablo E, Ballesteros MP.. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory controlled-released injectable microemulsion: Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;101, 220–7.

Moghimipour E, Salimi A, Leis F. Preparation and evaluation of tretinoin microemulsion based on the pseudoternary phase diagram. Adv Pharm Bull. 2012;2(2):141.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Madhav S, Gupta D.. A review on microemulsion based system. Int J Pharm Sci Res, 2011;2(8), 1888.

Berkman MS, Güleç K.. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams: a practical approach for the area and centroid calculation of stable microemulsion regions. İstanbul J Pharm. 2021;51(1), 42–9.

Sharma K, Sapra B, Kant S, Bedi N. Formulation and evaluation of Desonide loaded microemulsion based gel for management of atopic dermatitis. J Nanomed. 2021;4(1):1035–47.

Google Scholar 

Almawash S, Quadir SS, Al Saqr A, Sharma G, Raza K.. Dual delivery of fluticasone propionate and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride for the management of atopic dermatitis using a Microemulsion-Based topical gel. ACS Omega. 2022;7(9), 7696–705.

Shrestha S, Pokhrel S, Sharma S, Manandhar M, Alam I. Formulation and evaluation of topical microemulgel loaded with terbinafine Hcl microemulsion. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2017;8(11):4716–23.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhai G. Ropivacaine loaded microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel for transdermal delivery: preparation, optimization, and evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2014;477(1–2):47–56.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fonseca VR, Bhide PJ, Joshi MP.. Formulation, development and evaluation of Etoricoxib nanosize microemulsion based gel for topical drug delivery. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2019;53(4 s).

Hajjar B, Zier KI, Khalid N, Azarmi S, Löbenberg R. Evaluation of a microemulsion-based gel formulation for topical drug delivery of diclofenac sodium. J Pharm Invest. 2018;48:351–62.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kang BK, Chon SK, Kim SH, Jeong SY, Kim MS, Cho SH, … Khang G.. Controlled release of paclitaxel from microemulsion containing PLGA and evaluation of antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm,[2004] 286(1–2), 147–156.

Dantas MGB, Reis SAGB, Damasceno CMD, Rolim LA, Rolim-Neto PJ, Carvalho FO, … Almeida JRGDS. Development and evaluation of stability of a gel formulation containing the monoterpene borneol. 2016 The Scientific World Journal

Dhaval M, Devani J, Parmar R, Soniwala MM, Chavda J.. Formulation and optimization of microemulsion based Sparfloxacin in-situ gel for ocular delivery: in vitro and ex vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;55, 101373.

Fong Yen W, Basri M, Ahmad M, Ismail M. Formulation and evaluation of galantamine gel as drug reservoir in transdermal patch delivery system. The scientific world journal; 2015.

Pradeep GP, Viswanad V. Formulation and evaluation of DHA oil based nicotinamide nanoemulsion gel for treating atopic dermatitis. Nanosci Nanotechnology-Asia. 2020;10(6):892–901.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iyer A, Jyothi VGS, Agrawal A, Khatri DK, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Madan J.. Does skin permeation kinetics influence efficacy of topical dermal drug delivery system? Assessment, prediction, utilization, and integration of Chitosan biomacromolecule for augmenting topical dermal drug delivery in skin. J Adv Pharm Tech Res. 2021;12(4), 345.

Dash S, Murthy PN, Nath L, Chowdhury P.. Kinetic modeling on drug release from controlled drug delivery systems. Acta Pol Pharm. 2010;67(3), 217–23.

Salabat A, Parsi E. Ex vivo evaluation of celecoxib release from ionic liquid-based microemulsions and microemulgels for topical applications. J Iran Chem Soc. 2021;18:1355–61.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iznardo H, Puig L. IL-1 family cytokines in inflammatory dermatoses: pathogenetic role and potential therapeutic implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16):9479.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beheshti Mall L, Shafaroodi H, Jafariazar Z, Afshar M. A novel hydrogel-thickened microemulsion of Dapsone for acne treatment: development, characterization, physicochemical stability and ex vivo permeation studies. Marmara Pharm J. 2018;22:267–76.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Syed HK, Peh KK.. Identification of phases of various oil, surfactant/co-surfactants and water system by ternary phase diagram. Acta Pol Pharm,[2014] 71(2), 301–9.

Hu Q, Lin H, Wang Y, Wang X, Yao J, Fu X, Yu X. Design, optimization and evaluation of a microemulsion-based hydrogel with high malleability for enhanced transdermal delivery of levamisole. Int J Pharm. 2021;605:120829.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hashem FM, Shaker DS, Ghorab MK, Nasr M, Ismail A. Formulation, characterization, and clinical evaluation of microemulsion containing Clotrimazole for topical delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011;12, 879–86.

Elmas A, Akyüz G, Bergal A, Andaç M, Andac O.. Mathematical modelling of drug release. Res Eng Struct Mater.2020;6(4), 327–50.

Pillai AB, Nair JV, Gupta NK, Gupta S. Microemulsion-loaded hydrogel formulation of Butenafine hydrochloride for improved topical delivery. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015;307:625–33.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Agarwal G. Formulation & evaluation of sustained release matrix tablet of repaglinide. Open Access Biostat Bioinform [Internet]. 2018;1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31031/oabb.2018.01.000509

Gadgeppa BO, Tukaram MS, Baburo G, Sidram GP, Agarwal P, dr)gaurav, Agarwal S et al. Formulation and evaluation of 3D printed Pregabalin tablets targeted for neuropathic pain by QbD approach for personalized medicine: Pharmaceutical science-3D printed tablets for personalized medicine. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res [Internet]. 2022;11:1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.6.p1-13

Agarwal G. Semi-herbal nanogel of clindamycin phosphate and aloe vera: Formulation and evaluation. Mod Appl Bioequivalence Bioavailab [Internet]. 2017;2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.19080/mabb.2017.02.555596

Sabale V, Vora S. Formulation and evaluation of microemulsion-based hydrogel for topical delivery. Int J Pharm Invest. 2012;2(3):140.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Furlanetto S, Cirri M, Piepel G, Mennini N, Mura P. Mixture experiment methods in the development and optimization of microemulsion formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;55(4):610–7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moghimipour E, Salimi A, Eftekhari S.. Design and characterization of microemulsion systems for Naproxen. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013;3(1), 63.

Mitkari BV, Korde SA, Mahadik KR, Kokare CR.. Formulation and evaluation of topical liposomal gel for fluconazole. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2010;44(4), 324–33.

Torres LG, Iturbe R, Snowden MJ, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA.. Preparation of o/w emulsions stabilized by solid particles and their characterization by oscillatory rheology. Colloids Surf A. 2007;302(1–3), 439–48.

Fonseca VR, Bhide PJ, Joshi MP.. Formulation, development and evaluation of Etoricoxib nanosize microemulsion based gel for topical drug delivery. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2019;53(4 s).

Ashara KC, Paun JS, Soniwala MM, Chavada JR, Mori NM. Micro-emulsion based emulgel: a novel topical drug delivery system. Asian Pac J Trop Disease. 2014;4:S27–32.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shukla T, Upmanyu N, Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Biomedical applications of microemulsion through dermal and transdermal route. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;108:1477–94.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lalan MS, Laddha NC, Lalani J, Imran MJ, Begum R, Misra A.. Suppression of cytokine gene expression and improved therapeutic efficacy of microemulsion-based tacrolimus cream for atopic dermatitis. Drug Delivery Translational Res. 2012;2, 129–41.

Ashara KC, Paun JS, Soniwala MM, Chavda JR, Mendapara VP, Mori NM. Microemulgel: an overwhelming approach to improve therapeutic action of drug moiety. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24(4):452–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szumała P, Macierzanka A. Topical delivery of pharmaceutical and cosmetic macromolecules using microemulsion systems. Int J Pharm. 2022;615:121488.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kajbafvala A, Salabat A. Microemulsion and microemulsion gel formulation for transdermal delivery of rutin: optimization, in-vitro/ex-vivo evaluation and SPF determination. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2022;43(12):1848–57.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar