Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Giusiano G, Ezkurra PA, Quindós G. Sertaconazole: updated review of a topical antifungal agent. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2005;3(3):333–42. https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.3.3.333.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, et al. Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti-infect Ther. 2013;11:347–58. https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.13.17.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Georgescu S, Mitran C, Mitran M, Amuzescu A, Matei C, Tampa M. A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of sertaconazole 2% cream compared with other topical therapies for seborrheic dermatitis. J Pers Med. 2022;12:1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091540.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rehman SU, Khan NR, Ullah M, Shah SU, Rehman AU, Jamal Q, et al. Nanoemulgel mediated enhanced skin Curcumin penetration/retention for local treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo assessment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2473495.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al Fatease A, Alqahtani A, Khan BA, Mohamed JMM, Farhana SA. Preparation and characterization of a curcumin nanoemulsion gel for the effective treatment of mycoses. Sci Rep. 2023;13:22730. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49328-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Essa S, Louhichi F, Raymond M, Hildgen P. Improved antifungal activity of itraconazole-loaded PEG/PLA nanoparticles. J Microencapsul. 2013;30(3):205–17. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2012.714410.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Azmi NA, Elgharbawy AA, Motlagh SR, Samsudin N, Salleh HM. Nanoemulsions. Factory for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Processes. 2019;7(9):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Viegas C, Patrício AB, Prata JM, Nadhman A, Chintamaneni PK, Fonte P. Solid lipid nanoparticles vs. nanostructured lipid carriers: a comparative review. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(6):1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061593.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Escobar-Chávez JJ, Díaz-Torres R, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Domínguez-Delgado CL, Morales RS, Ángeles-Anguiano E, Melgoza-Contreras LM. Nanocarriers for transdermal drug delivery. Res Rep Transdermal Drug Del. 2012;13:3–17. https://doi.org/10.2147/rrtd.s32621

Tayah DY, Eid AM. Development of miconazole nitrate nanoparticles loaded in nanoemulgel to improve its antifungal activity. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(4):526–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.005.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Noor A, Jamil S, Sadeq TW, Mohammed Ameen MS, Kohli K. Development and evaluation of nanoformulations containing Timur oil and Rosemary oil for treatment of topical fungal infections. Gels. 2023;9(7):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070516.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alhasso B, Ghori M, Rout S, Conway B. Development of a nanoemulgel for the topical application of mupirocin. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15:2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102387.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: a novel nano carrier as a tool for topical drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15:164. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sahoo S, Pani NR, Sahoo SK. Effect of microemulsion in topical sertaconazole hydrogel: in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:338–45. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.914601.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saitoh H, Takami K, Ohnari H, Chiba Y, Ikeuchi-Takahashi Y, Obata Y. Effects and mode of action of oleic acid and tween 80 on skin permeation of disulfiram. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2023;71:c22–00821. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c22-00821.

Article  Google Scholar 

Patra CN, Mishra A, Jena GK, Panigrahi KC, Sruti J, Ghose D, et al. QbD enabled formulation development of nanoemulsion of nimodipine for improved biopharmaceutical performance. J Pharm Innov. 2023;18:1279–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09714-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dhawan S, Nanda S. Implementation of quality by design (QbD) concept for the development of emulsion based nanotailored gel for improved antiphotoageing potential of Silymarin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;81:104201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104201.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ma Q, Zhang J, Lu B, Lin H, Sarkar R, Wu T, et al. Nanoemulgel for improved topical delivery of desonide: formulation design and characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021;22:163. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-021-02035-5.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ramireddy AR, Behara DK. QbD based formulation development and optimisation of ozenoxacin topical nano-emulgel and efficacy evaluation using impetigo mice model. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25:90. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-024-02805-x.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barradas TN, de Holanda e Silva KG. Nanoemulsions of essential oils to improve solubility, stability and permeability: a review. Environ Chem Lett. 2021;19:1153–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01142-2.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rajora A, Kohli K, Nagpal K. Formulation of Itraconazole loaded clove oil based nanoemulsion using pseudoternary phase diagram for improved thermodynamic stability. Indian J Pure Appl Phys. 2024;62:124–32. https://doi.org/10.56042/ijpap.v62i2.7698.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jhawat V, Gulia M, Sharma AK. Pseudoternary phase diagrams used in emulsion preparation. Chemoinformatics and bioinformatics in the pharmaceutical sciences. Elsevier; 2021; 455–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821748-1.00011-7.

Akram S, Anton N, Omran Z, Vandamme T. Water-in-oil nano-emulsions prepared by spontaneous emulsification: new insights on the formulation process. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071030.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J. Investigation of factors influencing formation of nanoemulsion by spontaneous emulsification: impact on droplet size, polydispersity index, and stability. Bioengineering. 2022;9:384. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080384.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mohit, Kumar P, Solanki P, Mangla B, Aggarwal G. Formulation development, optimization by Box-Behnken design, and in vitro characterization of gefitinib phospholipid complex based nanoemulsion drug delivery system. J Pharm Innov. 2023;18:952–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09690-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Balcaen M, De Neve L, Dewettinck K, Van der Meeren P. Effect of dilution on particle size analysis of w/o emulsions by dynamic light scattering. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2021;42:869–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2020.1712216.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Danaei MR, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, Hasanzadeh Davarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A, Khorasani S, Mozafari YM. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10(2):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020057.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Aqil M, Shafiq S. Nanoemulsions as vehicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2007;8(4):104. https://doi.org/10.1208/pt0804104.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kumar M, Misra A, Mishra AK, Mishra P, Pathak K. Mucoadhesive nanoemulsion-based intranasal drug delivery system of olanzapine for brain targeting. J Drug Target. 2008;16(10):806–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611860802476504.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mehnert W, Mäder K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64:83–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.021.

Article