3D visualization of neurovascular networks in pulp-exposed rat molars using tissue clearing techniques

Xie Z, Shen Z, Zhan P, Yang J, Huang Q, Huang S, Chen L, Lin Z. Functional dental pulp regeneration: basic research and clinical translation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(16):8991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168991.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu M, Doyle AD, Yamada KM, Kulkarni AB. Visualization of trigeminal ganglion sensory neuronal signaling regulated by Cdk5. Cell reports. 2022;38: 110458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110458.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diogenes A, Ferraz CC, Akopian AA, Henry MA, Hargreaves KM. LPS sensitizes TRPV1 via activation of TLR4 in trigeminal sensory neurons. J Dental Res. 2011;90(6):759–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034511400225.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li R, Gu F, Peng L, Huan T, Zhou Z, Song Y, He J, Ye K, Sun Y, Li T, He M. Tertiary lymphoid structure in dental pulp: the role in combating bacterial infections. Adv Sci. 2025;12(1):2406684. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202406684.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yu C, Abbott PV. An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury. Aust Dental J. 2007;52:S4-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00525.x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Widbiller M, Schmalz G. Endodontic regeneration: hard shell, soft core. Odontology. 2021;109(2):303–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00573-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galler KM, Weber M, Korkmaz Y, Widbiller M, Feuerer M. Inflammatory response mechanisms of the dentine–pulp complex and the periapical tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031480.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rombouts C, Giraud T, Jeanneau C, About I. Pulp Vascularization during Tooth Development, Regeneration, and Therapy. J Dental Res. 2017;96(2):137–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516671688.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pimenta FJ, Sá AR, Gomez RS. Lymphangiogenesis in human dental pulp. Int Endo J. 2003;36(12):853–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2003.00728.x.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mai H, Lu D. Tissue clearing and its applications in human tissues: a review. View. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230046.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hong S, Lee J, Kim JM, Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim P. 3D cellular visualization of intact mouse tooth using optical clearing without decalcification. Int J Oral Sci. 2019;11(3):25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-019-0056-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Richardson DS, Lichtman JW. SnapShot: tissue clearing. Cell. 2017;171(2):496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.025.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Murray PE, Nekoofar MH, De Figueiredo JA, Priya E, Jayaraman J, Pulikkotil SJ, Camilleri J, Silva RM, Dummer PM. PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: a consensus-based development. Int Endod J. 2021;54(6):848–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rezende KM, Zuim JP, Bönecker M. Expression of the of STRO-1 and HSP-25 markers during odontogenesis. RGO-Rev Gaúcha Odontol. 2021;69:20210054. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720210005420200017.

Article  Google Scholar 

Perczel-Kovách K, Hegedűs O, Földes A, Sangngoen T, Kálló K, Steward MC, Varga G, Nagy KS. STRO-1 positive cell expansion during osteogenic differentiation: a comparative study of three mesenchymal stem cell types of dental origin. Arch Oral Biol. 2021;1(122):104995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104995.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pekozer GG, Ramazanoglu M, Schlegel KA, Kok FN, Kose GT. Role of STRO-1 sorting of porcine dental germ stem cells in dental stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(3):607–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2017.1332637.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin LM, Ricucci D, Saoud TM, Sigurdsson A, Kahler B. Vital pulp therapy of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis from the perspective of pulp biology. Aust Endod J. 2020;46(1):154–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/aej.12392.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Karim IA, Cooper PR, About I, Tomson PL, Lundy FT, Duncan HF. Deciphering reparative processes in the inflamed dental pulp. Front Dental Med. 2021;31(2):651219.

Article  Google Scholar 

Duncan HF. Present status and future directions—vital pulp treatment and pulp preservation strategies. Int Endod J. 2022;55:497–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13688.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jing D, Yi Y, Luo W, Zhang S, Yuan Q, Wang J, Lachika E, Zhao Z, Zhao H. Tissue clearing and its application to bone and dental tissues. J Dental Res. 2019;98(6):621–31.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Azaripour A, Lagerweij T, Scharfbillig C, Jadczak AE, Willershausen B, Van Noorden CJ. A survey of clearing techniques for 3D imaging of tissues with special reference to connective tissue. Progress Histochem Cytochem. 2016;51(2):9–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proghi.2016.04.001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brenna C, Simioni C, Varano G, Conti I, Costanzi E, Melloni M, Neri LM. Optical tissue clearing associated with 3D imaging: application in preclinical and clinical studies. Histochem Cell Biol. 2022;157(5):497–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-022-02081-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi J, Lee E, Kim JH, Sun W. FxClear, a free-hydrogel electrophoretic tissue clearing method for rapid de-lipidation of tissues with high preservation of immunoreactivity. Exp Neurobiol. 2019;28(3):436. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2019.28.3.436.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lloyd-Lewis B, Davis FM, Harris OB, Hitchcock JR, Lourenco FC, Pasche M, Watson CJ. Imaging the mammary gland and mammary tumours in 3D: optical tissue clearing and immunofluorescence methods. Breast Cancer Res. 2016;18:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-016-0754-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alessio EJ, Zhang DQ. Immunostaining of whole-mount retinas with the CLARITY tissue clearing method. J Visualized Exp (JoVE). 2021;169:e62178. https://doi.org/10.3791/62178.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hong S, Lee J, Kim JM, Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim P. 3D cellular visualization of intact mouse tooth using optical clearing without decalcification. Int J Oral Sci. 2019;11(3):25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-019-0056-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jing D, Zhang S, Luo W, Gao X, Men Y, Ma C, Liu X, Yi Y, Bugde A, Zhou BO, Zhao Z. Tissue clearing of both hard and soft tissue organs with the PEGASOS method. Cell Res. 2018;28(8):803–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-018-0049-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qi Y, Yu T, Xu J, Wan P, Ma Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Gong H, Luo Q, Zhu D. FDISCO: advanced solvent-based clearing method for imaging whole organs. Sci Adv. 2019;5(1):8355. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8355.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Oi T, Saka H, Ide Y. Three-dimensional observation of pulp cavities in the maxillary first premolar tooth using micro-CT. Int Endod J. 2004;37(1):46–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00757.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ni Y, Wu J, Liu F, Yi Y, Meng X, Gao X, Xiao L, Zhou W, Chen Z, Chu P, Xing D. Deep imaging of LepR+ stromal cells in optically cleared murine bone hemisections. Bone Res. 2025;13(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-024-00387-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central 

Comments (0)

No login
gif