Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660.

Article  Google Scholar 

Molina JR, Yang P, Cassivi SD, Schild SE, Adjei AA. Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and survivorship. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(5):584–94. https://doi.org/10.4065/83.5.584.

Article  Google Scholar 

Borghetti P, Costantino G, Santoro V, Mataj E, Singh N, Vitali P, Greco D, Volpi G, Sepulcri M, Guida C, Tomasi C, Buglione M, Nardone V. Artificial intelligence-suggested predictive model of survival in patients treated with stereotactic radiotherapy for early lung cancer. in vivo. 2024;38(3):1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.13576.

Dalwadi SM, Szeja SS, Bernicker EH, Butler EB, Teh BS, Farach AM. Practice patterns and outcomes in elderly stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: A 2004 to 2012 SEER analysis. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018;19(2):e269–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2017.11.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ma SJ, Serra LM, Syed YA, Hermann GM, Gomez-Suescun JA, Singh AK. Comparison of single- and three-fraction schedules of stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018;19(2):e235–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2017.10.010.

Article  Google Scholar 

Karasawa K, Hayakawa S, Machitori Y, Shibata Y, Ogawa H, Ito K, Shimizuguchi T, Kawamoto T, Nihei K. Accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy versus stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of stage i nonsmall cell lung cancer-a single institution experience with long-term follow-up. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2018;1(17):1533033818806318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533033818806318.

Article  Google Scholar 

Videtic GM, Hu C, Singh AK, Chang JY, Parker W, Olivier KR, Schild SE, Komaki R, Urbanic JJ, Timmerman RD, Choy H. A randomized phase 2 study comparing 2 stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules for medically inoperable patients with stage I peripheral non-small cell lung cancer: NRG oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;93(4):757–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2260.

Article  Google Scholar 

Timmerman RD, Paulus R, Pass HI, Gore EM, Edelman MJ, Galvin J, Straube WL, Nedzi LA, McGarry RC, Robinson CG, Schiff PB, Chang G, Loo BW Jr, Bradley JD, Choy H. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for operable early-stage lung cancer: findings from the NRG oncology RTOG 0618 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(9):1263–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1251.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bezjak A, Paulus R, Gaspar LE, Timmerman RD, Straube WL, Ryan WF, Garces YI, Pu AT, Singh AK, Videtic GM, McGarry RC, Iyengar P, Pantarotto JR, Urbanic JJ, Sun AY, Daly ME, Grills IS, Sperduto P, Normolle DP, Bradley JD, Choy H. Safety and efficacy of a five-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy schedule for centrally located non-small-cell lung cancer: NRG oncology/RTOG 0813 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15):1316–25.

Article  Google Scholar 

Goldstein CE, Weijer C, Brehaut JC, Fergusson DA, Grimshaw JM, Horn AR, Taljaard M. Ethical issues in pragmatic randomized controlled trials: a review of the recent literature identifies gaps in ethical argumentation. BMC Med Ethics. 2018;19(1):14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hariton E, Locascio JJ. Randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for effectiveness research: Study design: randomised controlled trials. BJOG. 2018;125(13):1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15199.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lovegreen O, Riggs D, Staten MA, et al. Financial management of large, multi-center trials in a challenging funding milieu. Trials. 2018;19:267.

Article  Google Scholar 

Badano A. In silico imaging clinical trials: cheaper, faster, better, safer, and more scalable. Trials. 2021;22:64.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wedlund L, Kvedar J. Simulated trials: in silico approach adds depth and nuance to the RCT gold-standard. NPJ Digit Med. 2021;4(1):121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00492-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Herman GT, Zheng J, Bucholtz CA. Shape-based interpolation. IEEE Computer Graphics Appl. 1992;12(03):69–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.135915.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ikushima K, Arimura H, Jin Z, Yabu-Uchi H, Kuwazuru J, Shioyama Y, Sasaki T, Honda H, Sasaki M. Computer-assisted framework for machine-learning-based delineation of GTV regions on datasets of planning CT and PET/CT images. J Radiat Res. 2017;58(1):123–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrw082.

Article  Google Scholar 

Katsurada N, Tachihara M, Jimbo N, Yamamoto M, Yoshioka J, Mimura C, Satoh H, Furukawa K, Otoshi T, Kiriu T, Yasuda Y, Tanaka T, Nagano T, Nishimura Y. Yield of tumor samples with a large guide-sheath in endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial biopsy for non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective study. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(10):e0259236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259236.

Article  Google Scholar 

Geng C, Paganetti H, Grassberger C. Prediction of treatment response for combined chemo- and radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients using a bio-mathematical model. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13646-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grassberger C, McClatchy D 3rd, Geng C, Kamran SC, Fintelmann F, Maruvka YE, Piotrowska Z, Willers H, Sequist LV, Hata AN, Paganetti H. Patient-specific tumor growth trajectories determine persistent and resistant cancer cell populations during treatment with targeted therapies. Cancer Res. 2019;79(14):3776–88. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3652.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhao Y, Song Y, Zhao R, Zhao M, Huang Q. Gene panel of persister cells as a prognostic indicator for tumor repopulation after radiation. Front Oncol. 2020;20(10):607727. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.607727.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD, Vecchi MP. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science. 1983;220(4598):671–80. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671.

Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Videtic GM, Paulus R, Singh AK, Chang JY, Parker W, Olivier KR, Timmerman RD, Komaki RR, Urbanic JJ, Stephans KL, Yom SS, Robinson CG, Belani CP, Iyengar P, Ajlouni MI, Gopaul DD, Gomez Suescun JB, McGarry RC, Choy H, Bradley JD. Long-term follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): a randomized phase 2 study comparing 2 stereotactic body radiation therapy schedules for medically inoperable patients with stage i peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;103(5):1077–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.051.

Article  Google Scholar 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer.2009; 45(2):228–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026.

Nakano H, Shiinoki T, Tanabe S, Utsunomiya S, Takizawa T, Kaidu M, Nishio T, Ishikawa H. Mathematical model combined with microdosimetric kinetic model for tumor volume calculation in stereotactic body radiation therapy. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10981. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38232-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Murad TM, August C. Radiation-induced atypia. Rev Diagn Cytopathol. 1985;1(2):137–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.2840010210.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tai A, Liu F, Gore E, Li XA. An analysis of tumor control probability of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer with a regrowth model. Phys Med Biol. 2016;61(10):3903–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/61/10/3903.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jenner AL, Cassidy T, Belaid K, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Craig M. In silico trials predict that combination strategies for enhancing vesicular stomatitis oncolytic virus are determined by tumor aggressivity. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(2):e001387. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001387.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sung W, Hong TS, Poznansky MC, Paganetti H, Grassberger C. Mathematical modeling to simulate the effect of adding radiation therapy to immunotherapy and application to hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022;112(4):1055–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.11.008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Creemers JHA, Ankan A, Roes KCB, Schröder G, Mehra N, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM, Textor J. In silico cancer immunotherapy trials uncover the consequences of therapy-specific response patterns for clinical trial design and outcome. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):2348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37933-8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wei Z, Peng X, He L, Wang J, Liu Z, Xiao J. Treatment plan comparison of volumetric-modulated arc therapy to intensity-modulated radiotherapy in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy using either 6- or 10-MV photon energies. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2022;23(8):e13714. https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13714.

Article  Google Scholar