Gool JK, Zhang Z, Oei MSSL et al (2022) Data-Driven Phenotyping of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence With Unsupervised Clustering. Neurology 98:e2387–e2400

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bassetti CLA, Adamantidis A, Burdakov D et al (2019) Narcolepsy—clinical spectrum, aetiopathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 15:519–539

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Latorre D, Sallusto F, Bassetti CLA, Kallweit U (2022) Narcolepsy: a model interaction between immune system, nervous system, and sleep-wake regulation. Semin Immunopathol 44:611–623

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ohayon MM, Duhoux S, Grieco J, Côté ML (2023) Prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy symptoms in the US general population. Sleep Med X 6:100095

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kallweit U, Nilius G, Trümper D et al (2022) Prevalence, incidence, and health care utilization of patients with narcolepsy: a population-representative study. J Clin Sleep Med 18:1531–1537

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Serra L, Montagna P, Mignot E, Lugaresi E, Plazzi G (2008) Cataplexy features in childhood narcolepsy. Mov Disord 23:858–865

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sturzenegger C, Bassetti CL (2004) The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res 13:395–406

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G et al (2022) Idling for decades: a European study on risk factors associated with the delay before a narcolepsy diagnosis. Nat Sci Sleep 14:1031–1047

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2023) International classification of sleep disorders, third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Google Scholar 

Bassetti CLA, Kallweit U, Vignatelli L et al (2021) European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children. Eur J Neurol 28:2815–2830

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tepel F, Cintosun H, Borth D, Kallweit U (2024) Die Auswirkungen von körperlichem Training und ketogener Diät auf Narkolepsie Typ 1: Eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie. Somnologie S1:535

Google Scholar 

Cintosun H, Tepel F, Borth D, Kallweit U (2024) Die Auswirkungen von körperlichem Training und ketogener Diät auf Narkolepsie Typ 2 und Idiopathische Hypersomnie: Eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie. Somnologie S1:534

Google Scholar 

Finger BM, Bourke AM, Lammers GJ et al (2024) Barriers to therapy adherence in narcolepsy. Sleep Med 121:151–159

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Del Río Villegas R et al (2023) Oral Orexin receptor 2 agonist in narcolepsy type 1. N Engl J Med 389:309–321

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, Mignot E et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of TAK-861, an oral Orexin receptor 2 agonist, in individuals with narcolepsy type 1: results from a phase 2 study. Sleep 47(Suppl) (Late Breaking Abstracts No. 1318)

Juji T, Satake M, Honda Y, Doi Y (1984) HLA antigens in Japanese patients with narcolepsy. All the patients were DR2 positive. Tissue Antigens 24:316–319

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tafti M, Hor H, Dauvilliers Y et al (2014) DQB1 locus alone explains most of the risk and protection in narcolepsy with cataplexy in Europe. Sleep 37:19–25

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hallmayer J, Faraco J, Lin L et al (2009) Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the T‑cell receptor alpha locus. Nat Genet 41:708–711

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakurai T, Amemiya A, Ishii M et al (1998) Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell 92:573–585

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Lecea L, Kilduff TS, Peyron C et al (1998) The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:322–327

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adamantidis AR, Zhang F, Aravanis AM, Deisseroth K, de Lecea L (2007) Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons. Nature 450:420–424

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R et al (2000) Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron 27:469–474

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mahoney CE, Cogswell A, Koralnik IJ, Scammell TE (2019) The neurobiological basis of narcolepsy. Nat Rev Neurosci 20:83–93

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tsunematsu T, Ueno T, Tabuchi S et al (2014) Optogenetic manipulation of activity and temporally controlled cell-specific ablation reveal a role for MCH neurons in sleep/wake regulation. J Neurosci 34:6896–6909

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valko PO, Gavrilov YV, Yamamoto M et al (2013) Increase of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons in narcolepsy. Ann Neurol 74:794–804

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shan L, Balesar R, Swaab DF, Lammers GJ, Fronczek R (2022) Reduced numbers of Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in narcolepsy type 1. Ann Neurol 91:282–288

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sarkanen TO, Alakuijala APE, Dauvilliers YA, Partinen MM (2018) Incidence of narcolepsy after H1N1 influenza and vaccinations: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 38:177–186

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Gool JK, Fronczek R et al (2021) New 2013 incidence peak in childhood narcolepsy: more than vaccination? Sleep 44:zsaa172

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kallweit U, Bassetti CLA, Oberholzer M et al (2018) Coexisting narcolepsy (with and without cataplexy) and multiple sclerosis : six new cases and a literature review. J Neurol 265:2071–2078

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rojas M, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Monsalve DM et al (2018) Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 95:100–123

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goswami TK, Singh M, Dhawan M et al (2022) Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune disorders—Advances and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 18:2035117

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Overeem S, Verschuuren JJ, Fronczek R et al (2006) Immunohistochemical screening for autoantibodies against lateral hypothalamic neurons in human narcolepsy. J Neuroimmunol 174:187–191

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Latorre D, Kallweit U, Armentani E et al (2018) T cells in patients with narcolepsy target self-antigens of hypocretin neurons. Nature 562:63–68

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

English et al (2024) A hepatic network of dendritic cells mediates CD4 T cell help outside lymphoid organs. Nat Comm 15:1261

Article  CAS