Abrahamsen RK, Lund AM, Rasmussen J (2023) Patients with primary carnitine deficiency treated with L-carnitine are alive and doing well-A 10-year follow-up in the Faroe Islands. JIMD Rep 64(6):453–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmd2.12383
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alam J, Cook JL (2003) Transcriptional regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene via the stress response element pathway. Curr Pharm Des 9(30):2499–2511. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612033453730
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Alzoubi KH, Rababa'h AM, Owaisi A, Khabour OF (2017) L-carnitine prevents memory impairment induced by chronic REM-sleep deprivation. Brain Res Bull 131:176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.004
Bahl J, Bressler J (1989) The pharmacology of carnitine. Pharmacology 337(12):118–284
Balogun E, Hoque M, Gong P, Killeen E, Green CJ, Foresti R, Alam J, Motterlini R (2003) Curcumin activates the haem oxygenase-1 gene by regulating Nrf2 and the antioxidant-responsive element. Biochem J 371(Pt 3):887–895. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20021619
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Binienda Z, Przybyla-Zawislak B, Virmani A, Schmued L (2005) L-carnitine and neuroprotection in the animal model of mitochondrial dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1053:174–182. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1344.015
Blanca AJ, Ruiz-Armenta MV, Zambrano S, Miguel-Carrasco JL, Arias JL, Arévalo M, Mate A, Aramburu O, Vázquez CM (2016) Inflammatory and fibrotic processes are involved in the cardiotoxic effect of sunitinib: protective role of L-carnitine. Toxicol Lett 241:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.007
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Calabrese V, Stella AM, Butterfield DA, Scapagnini G (2005) Redox regulation in neurodegeneration and longevity: role of the heme oxygenase and HSP70 systems in brain stress tolerance. Antioxid Redox Signal 6(5):895–913. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2004.6.895
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Calò LA, Pagnin E, Davis PA, Semplicini A, Nicolai R, Calvani M, Pessina AC (2006) Antioxidant effect of L-carnitine and its short chain esters: relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage. Int J Cardiol 107(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.02.053
Cao Y, Qu HJ, Li P et al (2011) Single dose administration of L-carnitine improves antioxidant activities in healthy subjects. Tohoku J Exp Med 224:209–213
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Che B, Chen H, Wang A, Peng H, Bu X, Zhang J, Ju Z, Xu T, He J, Zhong C, Zhang Y (2022) Association between Plasma L-Carnitine and cognitive impairment in patients with Acute ischemic stroke. J Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD 86(1):259–270. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215376
Chen J, Regan RF (2004) Heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion increases astrocyte vulnerability to hemin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(1):88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.187
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen HH, Sue YM, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Hou CC, Cheng CY, Lin SL, Tsai WL, Chen TW, Chen TH (2009) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha plays a crucial role in L-carnitine anti-apoptosis effect in renal tubular cells. Nephrol Dial Transpl 24(10):3042–3049. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfp258
Csiszar A, Wang M, Lakatta EG, Ungvari Z (2008) Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction during aging: role of NF-kappaB. J Appl Physiol (1985) 105(4):1333–1341. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90470.2008
Davis PA, Mormino P, Savica V, Calò LA (2009) L-carnitine, inflammation and hypertension. Nephrol (Carlton) 14(2):264–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.001070.x
Delgado CA, Balbueno Guerreiro GB, Diaz Jacques CE, de Moura Coelho D, Siita A, Manfredini V, Wajner M, Vargas CR (2019) Prevention by L-carnitine of DNA damage induced by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaric acids and experimental evidence of lipid and DNA damage in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria. Arch Biochem Biophys
Deon M, Landgraf SS, Lamberty JF et al (2015a) Protective effect of L- carnitine on phenylalanine‐induced DNA damage. Metab Brain Dis 30:925–933
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Deon M, Landgraf SS, Lamberty JF, Moura DJ, Saffi J, Wajner M, Vargas CR (2015b) Protective effect of L-carnitine on phenylalanine-induced DNA damage. Metab Brain Dis 30:925933
Deon M, Sitta A, Faverzani JL et al (2015c) Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and plasmatic inflammatory profile in phenylketonuric treated patients. Int J Devl Neurosci 47:259265
Derks TGJ, Touw CML, Ribas GS et al (2014) Experimental evidence for protein oxidative damage and altered antioxidant defense in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 37:783–789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-014-9700-0
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Derosa G, Maffioli P, Ferrari I, D’Angelo A, Fogari E, Palumbo I, Randazzo S, Cicero AF (2011) Comparison between orlistat plus l-carnitine and orlistat alone on inflammation parameters in obese diabetic patients. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 25(5):642–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00888.x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Di Cristo F, Calarco A, Digilio FA, Sinicropi MS, Rosano C, Galderisi U, Melone MAB, Saturnino C, Peluso G (2020) The discovery of highly potent THP derivatives as OCTN2 inhibitors: from structure-based virtual screening to in vivo biological activity. Int J Mol Sci 21(19):7431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197431
Dos Santos Mello M, Ribas GS, Wayhs CA, Hammerschmidt T, Guerreiro GB, Favenzani JL, Sitta Â, de Moura Coelho D, Wajner M, Vargas CR (2015) Increased oxidative stress in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria. Mol Cell Biochem. 402(1–2):149–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2322-x
Emran T, Chowdhury NI, Sarker M, Bepari AK, Hossain M, Rahman GMS, Reza HM (2021) L-carnitine protects cardiac damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response via inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother= Biomed Pharmacother 143, 112139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112139. Exerc 2010;42:1809–18
Fallah F, Mahdavi R (2023) Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co- supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol 14:1237882. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.123788
Fathizadeh H, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Amirani E, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J (2020) The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 19(2):1879–1894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00627-9
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fatouros IG, Douroudos I, Panagoutsos S et al Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease. Med Sci SportsExerc. 2010 Oct;42(10):1809-18. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181dbacab. PMID: 20216464
Faverzani JL, Steinmetz A, Deon M et al (2021) L carnitine protects DNA oxidative damage induced by phenylalanine and its keto acid derivatives in neural cells: a possible pathomechanism and adjuvant therapy for brain injury in phenylketonuria. Metab Brain Dis 36(7):1957–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00780-x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Faverzani JL, Hammerschmidt TG, Mescka CP, Guerreiro G, Lopes FF, Delgado CA, de Moura Coelho D, Sitta A, Deon M, Wajner M, Vargas CR (2023) Increased cytokine levels induced by high phenylalanine concentrations in late diagnosis PKU patients compared to early diagnosis: anti-inflammatory effect of L-carnitine. Cell Biochem Funct 41(4):490–500. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3800
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fontella FU, Pulrolnik V, Gassen E, Wannmacher CM, Klein AB, Wajner M, Dutra-Filho CS (2000) Propionic and L-methylmalonic acids induce oxidative stress in brain of young rats. NeuroReport 11:541–544
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Foresti R, Hoque M, Bains S, Green CJ, Motterlini R (2003) Haem and nitric oxide: synergism in the modulation of the endothelial haem oxygenase-1 pathway. Biochem J 372(Pt 2):381–390. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20021516
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Genolet R, Wahli W, Michalik L (2004) PPARs as drug targets to modulate inflammatory responses? Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 3(4):361–375. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010042634578
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Goldstein SL, Leung JC, Silverstein DM (2006) Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in chronic pediatric dialysis patients: effect of aspirin. Clin J Am Soc Nephrology: CJASN 1(5):979–986. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02291205
Guerreiro G, Mescka CP, Sitta A et al (2015) Urinary biomarkers of oxidative damage in maple syrup urine disease: the l-carnitine role. Int J Dev Neurosci 42:10–14
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Guerreiro G, Faverzani J, Jacques CED et al (2018) Oxidative damage in glutaric aciduria type I patients and the protective effects of L-carnitine treatment. J Cell Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27332. 1‐12
Comments (0)