Chen B. Molecular mechanism of HIV-1 entry. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27:878–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ye L, Wen Z, Dong K, Wang X, Bu Z, Zhang H, et al. Induction of HIV neutralizing antibodies against the MPER of the HIV envelope protein by HA/gp41 chimeric protein-based DNA and VLP vaccines. PLoS One. 2011;6:e14813.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Root MJ, Steger HK. HIV-1 gp41 as a target for viral entry inhibition. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:1805–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan DC, Kim PS. HIV entry and its inhibition. Cell. 1998;93:681–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He Y. Synthesized peptide inhibitors of HIV-1 gp41-dependent membrane fusion. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19:1800–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su Y, Chong H, Qiu Z, Xiong S, He Y. Mechanism of HIV-1 resistance to short-peptide fusion inhibitors targeting the Gp41 pocket. J Virol. 2015;89:5801–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steffen I, Pöhlmann S. Peptide-based inhibitors of the HIV envelope protein and other class I viral fusion proteins. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16:1143–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eggink D, Berkhout B, Sanders RW. Inhibition of HIV-1 by fusion inhibitors. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16:3716–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cai L, Jiang S. Development of peptide and small-molecule HIV-1 fusion inhibitors that target gp41. ChemMedChem. 2010;5:1813–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lalezari JP, Henry K, O’Hearn M, Montaner JSG, Piliero PJ, Trottier B. et al. Enfuvirtide, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, for drug-resistant HIV infection in North and South America. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2175–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cervia JS, Smith MA. Enfuvirtide (T-20): a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion inhibitor. Clin Infect Dis.2003;37:1102–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hardy H, Skolnik PR. Enfuvirtide, a new fusion inhibitor for therapy of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pharmacotherapy. 2004;24:198–211.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reeves JD, Lee FH, Miamidian JL, Jabara CB, Juntilla MM, Doms RW. Enfuvirtide resistance mutations: impact on human immunodeficiency virus envelope function, entry inhibitor sensitivity, and virus neutralization. J Virol. 2005;79:4991–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Greenberg ML, Cammack N. Resistance to enfuvirtide, the first HIV fusion inhibitor. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54:333–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su S, Xu W, Jiang S. Virus entry inhibitors: past, present, and future. In: Jiang S, Lu L, editors. Virus entry inhibitors. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2022. p. 1‑13. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; vol. 1366). Available at: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_1

Sun L, Chen B, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Liang X, et al. Alpaca-derived nanobody targeting the hydrophobic pocket of the HIV-1 gp41 NHR broadly neutralizes HIV-1 by blocking six-helix bundle formation. Curr Res Micro Sci. 2024;7:100263.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A review of FDA-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs, anti-gag compounds, and potential strategies for HIV-1 eradication. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:3659.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xiao T, Frey G, Fu Q, Lavine CL, Scott DA, Seaman MS. et al. HIV-1 fusion inhibitors targeting the membrane-proximal external region of Env spikes. Nat Chem Biol. 2020;16:529–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Su S, Jiang S. Anti-HIV agents inspired by antibodies. Nat Chem Biol. 2020;16:483–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Vries RD, Schmitz KS, Bovier FT, Predella C, Khao J, Noack D. et al. Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct-contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets. Science. 2021;371:1379–82.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lan Q, Yan Y, Zhang G, Xia S, Zhou J, Lu L, et al. Clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Curr Res Micro Sci. 2024;6:100208.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Lan Q, Xia S, Lu L. Coronavirus entry inhibitors. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1366:101–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding X, Zhang X, Chong H, Zhu Y, Wei H, Wu X. et al. Enfuvirtide (T20)-based lipopeptide is a potent HIV-1 cell fusion inhibitor: implications for viral entry and inhibition. J Virol. 2017;91:e00831-17

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xiao T, Cai Y, Chen B. HIV-1 entry and membrane fusion inhibitors. Viruses. 2021;13:735

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khamassi M, Xu L, Rey J, Duchemin M, Bouceba T, Tuffery P, et al. The CH1α domain of mucosal gp41 IgA contributes to antibody specificity and antiviral functions in HIV-1 highly exposed Sero-Negative individuals. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16:e1009103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bomsel M, Tudor D, Drillet AS, Alfsen A, Ganor Y, Roger MG. et al. Immunization with HIV-1 gp41 subunit virosomes induces mucosal antibodies protecting nonhuman primates against vaginal SHIV challenges. Immunity. 2011;34:269–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang J, Ofek G, Laub L, Louder MK, Doria-Rose NA, Longo NS, et al. Broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 by a gp41-specific human antibody. Nature. 2012;491:406–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stiegler G, Kunert R, Purtscher M, Wolbank S, Voglauer R, Steindl F. et al. A potent cross-clade neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against a novel epitope on gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001;17:1757–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tudor D, Yu H, Maupetit J, Drillet AS, Bouceba T, Schwartz-Cornil I. et al. Isotype modulates epitope specificity, affinity, and antiviral activities of anti-HIV-1 human broadly neutralizing 2F5 antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:12680–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rimsky LT, Shugars DC, Matthews TJ. Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to gp41-derived inhibitory peptides. J Virol. 1998;72:986–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tudor D, Derrien M, Diomede L, Drillet AS, Houimel M, Moog C, et al. HIV-1 gp41-specific monoclonal mucosal IgAs derived from highly exposed but IgG-seronegative individuals block HIV-1 epithelial transcytosis and neutralize CD4+ cell infection: an IgA gene and functional analysis. Mucosal Immunol. 2009;2:412–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed