Yang, S., Wang, Y., Pan, H., He, P. & Zhou, H. Lithium extraction from low-quality brines. Nature 636, 309–321 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hoshino, T. Innovative lithium recovery technique from seawater by using world-first dialysis with a lithium ionic superconductor. Desalination 359, 59–63 (2015).
Fan, F. et al. A bioinspired membrane with ultrahigh Li+/Na+ and Li+/K+ separations enables direct lithium extraction from brine. Adv. Sci. 11, 2402898 (2024).
Zhang, G. et al. Spontaneous lithium extraction and enrichment from brine with net energy output driven by counter-ion gradients. Nat. Water 2, 1091–1101 (2024).
Li, Z. et al. Continuous electrical pumping membrane process for seawater lithium mining. Energy Environ. Sci. 14, 3152–3159 (2021).
Ma, H. et al. Dual-channel-ion conductor membrane for low-energy lithium extraction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 57, 17246–17255 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fu, L. et al. Electrochemical ion-pumping-assisted transfer system featuring a heterogeneous membrane for lithium recovery. Chem. Eng. J. 435, 134955 (2022).
Yang, S., Zhang, F., Ding, H., He, P. & Zhou, H. Lithium metal extraction from seawater. Joule 2, 1648–1651 (2018).
Jiang, Z. et al. Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 membrane electrodialysis for lithium enrichment. J. Membr. Sci. 670, 121353 (2023).
Yang, J. et al. Lithium metal recovery from sea water by a flexible and scalable membrane with lithium-ion exclusive channels. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63, e202411957 (2024).
Patel, S. K., Iddya, A., Pan, W., Qian, J. & Elimelech, M. Approaching infinite selectivity in membrane-based aqueous lithium extraction via solid-state ion transport. Sci. Adv. 11, eadq9823 (2025).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bachman, J. C. et al. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: mechanisms and properties governing ion conduction. Chem. Rev. 116, 140–162 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Balaish, M. et al. Processing thin but robust electrolytes for solid-state batteries. Nat. Energy 6, 227–239 (2021).
He, X., Zhu, Y. & Mo, Y. Origin of fast ion diffusion in super-ionic conductors. Nat. Commun. 8, 15893 (2017).
Comments (0)