Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17–48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21763.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dighiero G, Hamblin TJ. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):1017–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60456-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Tschautscher MA, Rabe KG, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Richter transformation: experience of 204 patients from a single center. Haematologica. 2020;105(3):765–73. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2019.224121.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, et al. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1975;46(2):219–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, et al. A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer. 1981;48(1):198–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19810701)48:1〈198::aid-cncr2820480131〉3.0.co;2‑v.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S‑BJ ME, Viñolas N, Rozman C. Lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of its prognostic significance. Br J Haematol. 1986;62:567–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb02969.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, et al. iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL. Blood. 2018;131(25):2745–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Giovanni S, Valentini G, Carducci P, et al. Beta-2-microglobulin is a reliable tumor marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Acta Haematol. 1989;81(4):181–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000205558.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hallek M, Langenmayer I, Nerl C, et al. Elevated serum thymidine kinase levels identify a subgroup at high risk of disease progression in early, nonsmoldering chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;93(5):1732–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, et al. Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;94(6):1848–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ten Hacken E, Gounari M, Ghia P, et al. The importance of B cell receptor isotypes and stereotypes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2019;33(2):287–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-018-0303-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zenz T, Eichhorst B, Busch R, et al. TP53 mutation and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4473–9. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.27.8762.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Döhner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A, et al. Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(26):1910–6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200012283432602.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

International CLL-IPI working group. An international prognostic index for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL-IPI): a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(6):779–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30029-8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Parikh SA, Rabe KG, Kay NE, et al. The CLL International Prognostic Index predicts outcomes in monoclonal B‑cell lymphocytosis and Rai 0 CLL. Blood. 2021;138(2):149–59. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020009813.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rotbain EC, da Cunha-Bang C, Brieghel C, et al. CLL-IPI applied in Binet A CLL: a nationwide cohort study. Blood Adv. 2022;6(21):5698–701. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006259.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pflug N, Bahlo J, Shanafelt TD, et al. Development of a comprehensive prognostic index for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2014;124(1):49–62. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-02-556399.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wierda WG, O’Brien S, Wang X, et al. Multivariable model for time to first treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(31):4088–95. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.33.9002.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoechstetter MA, Busch R, Eichhorst B, et al. Prognostic model for newly diagnosed CLL patients in Binet stage A: results of the multicenter, prospective CLL1 trial of the German CLL study group. Leukemia. 2020;34(4):1038–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0727-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Condoluci A, Terzi di Bergamo L, Langerbeins P, et al. International prognostic score for asymptomatic early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2020;135(21):1859–69. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003453.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qin S, Fan L, Liang J, et al. Definition of disease-progression risk stratification in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia using combined clinical, molecular and virological variables. Hematol Oncol. 2018;36(4):656–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.2520.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rigolin GM, Cavallari M, Quaglia FM, et al. In CLL, comorbidities and the complex karyotype are associated with an inferior outcome independently of CLL-IPI. Blood. 2017;129(26):3495–8. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-03-772285.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fürstenau M, Thus YJ, Robrecht S, et al. High karyotypic complexity is an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL treated with venetoclax combinations. Blood. 2023;142(5):446–59. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023019634.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brachtl G, Piñón Hofbauer J, Greil R, et al. The pathogenic relevance of the prognostic markers CD38 and CD49d in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol. 2014;93(3):361–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-013-1967-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rossi D, Rasi S, Fabbri G, et al. Mutations of NOTCH1 are an independent predictor of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2012;119(2):521–9. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-09-379966.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rossi D, Bruscaggin A, Spina V, et al. Mutations of the SF3B1 splicing factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: association with progression and fludarabine-refractoriness. Blood. 2011;118(26):6904–8. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-08-373159.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wan Y, Wu CJ. SF3B1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(23):4627–34. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-02-427641.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braish J, Cerchione C, Ferrajoli A. An overview of prognostic markers in patients with CLL. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1371057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1371057.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murru R, Galitzia A, Barabino L, et al. Prediction of severe infections in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a simple risk score to stratify patients at diagnosis. Ann Hematol. 2024;103(5):1655–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-024-05625-y.

Article  PubMed