Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16–31

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mayhew A, Amog K, Phillips S, Parise G, McNicholas P, De Souza R et al (2019) The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Age Ageing 48:48–56

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiao YS, Chai YH, Gong HJ, Zhuldyz Z, Stehouwer CD, Zhou JB et al (2021) The association between diabetes mellitus and risk of sarcopenia: accumulated evidences from observational studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:782391

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng L, Gao Q, Hu K, Wu M, Wang Z, Chen F et al (2022) Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:1470–1483

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto Y, Takahashi F, Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M (2023) Diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Metabolism 144:155585

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirata Y, Nomura K, Senga Y, Okada Y, Kobayashi K, Okamoto S et al (2019) Hyperglycemia induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a WWP1/KLF15 axis. JCI Insight. 4:e124952

Schiaffino S, Mammucari C (2011) Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models. Skelet Muscle 1:1–14

Article  Google Scholar 

Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Papamikroulis GA, Vogiatzi G, Papaioannou S et al (2019) The role of inflammation in diabetes: current concepts and future perspectives. Eur Cardiol Rev 14:50

Article  Google Scholar 

Hao J, Wang Y, Huo L, Sun T, Zhen Y, Gao Z et al (2022) Circulating bone morphogenetic protein-9 is decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Gen Med 15:8539

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Musi N, Goodyear LJ (2002) Targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2:119–127

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joshi T, Singh AK, Haratipour P, Sah AN, Pandey AK, Naseri R et al (2019) Targeting AMPK signaling pathway by natural products for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. J Cell Physiol 234:17212–17231

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ha TKQ, Pham HTT, Cho HM, Tran VO, Yang JL, Jung DW et al (2019) 12,23-Dione dammarane triterpenes from Gynostemma longipes and their muscle cell proliferation activities via activation of the AMPK pathway. Sci Rep 9:1186

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McGee SL, Van Denderen BJ, Howlett KF, Mollica J, Schertzer JD, Kemp BE et al (2008) AMP-activated protein kinase regulates GLUT4 transcription by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 5. Diabetes 57:860–867

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zavyalov O, Galimzhan D, Marina K (2022) Effect of feeding bioactive compounds identified from plant extracts (4-hexylresorcinol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and gamma-octalactone) on the productivity and quality of broiler meat. Vet World 15:2986

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song JY, Kim SG, Park Nr, Choi JY (2018) Porcine bone incorporated with 4-hexylresorcinol increases new bone formation by suppression of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. J Craniofac Surg. 29:1983–90

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahn J, Kim SG, Kim MK, Kim DW, Lee JH, Seok H et al (2016) Topical delivery of 4-hexylresorcinol promotes wound healing via tumor necrosis factor-α suppression. Burns 42:1534–1541

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim DW, Jo YY, Garagiola U, Choi JY, Kang YJ, Oh JH et al (2020) Increased level of vascular endothelial growth factors by 4-hexylresorcinol is mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 and accelerates capillary regeneration in the burns in diabetic animals. Int J Mol Sci 21:3473

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee JH, Kweon H, Oh JH, Kang YJ, Kim DW, Yang WG et al (2022) 4-Hexylresorcinol treatment before degumming increases the β-sheet structure of silk sericin and BMP-2 expression in RAW264.7. Int J Mol Sci. 24:150

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim SG (2024) The Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol for Preventing Diabetic Complications. In: Kim SG (ed) Biomedical Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol. Springer, Berlin, pp 135–162

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Che X, Oh JH, Kang YJ, Kim DW, Kim SG, Choi JY et al (2024) 4-Hexylresorcinol enhances glut4 expression and glucose homeostasis via AMPK activation and histone H3 acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 25:12281

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee IS, Kim DW, Oh JH, Lee SK, Choi JY, Kim SG et al (2021) Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on craniofacial growth in rats. Int J Mol Sci 22:8935

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song KH, Kim MH, Jung JW, Kim AS, Hong SP, Kim SG (2009) The change in dimension of the masseter muscle in rabbits after radiofrequency therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:485–490

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brownlee M (2005) The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 54:1615–1625

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lisco G, Disoteo OE, De Tullio A, De Geronimo V, Giagulli VA, Monzani F et al (2023) Sarcopenia and diabetes: A detrimental liaison of advancing age. Nutrients 16:63

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamazaki T, Yamori M, Asai K, Nakano-Araki I, Yamaguchi A, Takahashi K et al (2013) Mastication and risk for diabetes in a Japanese population: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 8:e64113

Abe T, Tominaga K, Ando Y, Toyama Y, Takeda M, Yamasaki M et al (2021) Number of teeth and masticatory function are associated with sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus status among community-dwelling older adults: A Shimane CoHRE study. PLoS One. 16:e0252625

Yen GC, Duh PD, Lin CW (2003) Effects of resveratrol and 4-hexylresorcinol on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Free Radic Res 37:509–514

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Chen B, Hu Q, Zhang Q, Huang B, Fei P (2023) Pectin grafted with resorcinol and 4-hexylresorcinol: preparation, characterization and application in meat preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 237:124212

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao W, Li Y, Cheng X, Wei H, Li P, Fan L et al (2023) The antioxidant Glycitin protects against intervertebral disc degeneration through antagonizing inflammation and oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells. Aging 15:13693

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou F, Mao XQ, Wang N, Liu J, Ou-Yang JP (2009) Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates glucose toxicity and restores glucose homeostasis in diabetic states via activation of AMPK. Acta Pharmacol Sin 30:1607–1615

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sran S, Sran M, Ferguson N, Anand P (2014) Diabetic myonecrosis: uncommon complications in common diseases. Case Rep Endocrinol 2014:175029

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA (2010) Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010:476279

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen Y, Li M, Wang K, Qi G, Liu H, Wang W et al (2022) Diabetic Muscular Atrophy: Molecular Mechanisms and Promising Therapies. Front Endocrinol 13:917113

Article  Google Scholar 

Yamada T, Ivarsson N, Hernández A, Fahlström A, Cheng AJ, Zhang SJ et al (2012) Impaired mitochondrial respiration and decreased fatigue resistance followed by severe muscle weakness in skeletal muscle of mitochondrial DNA mutator mice. J Physiol 590:6187–6197

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Schol