Hucke F, Emmer H, Emmer R, Hucke M, Bota S, Fürstner M, et al. Changes in the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Carinthia, Austria, 2012–2023. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(21):5215. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215215.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Health, AIo. Welfare. Cancer data in Australia. Canberra: https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/liver-cancer/statistics. Accessed 18 Oct 2024.

Zhou L, Liu J, Luo F. Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(8):1175.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Corcoran RB, Chabner BA. Application of cell-free DNA analysis to cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(18):1754–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1706174.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van de Stolpe A, Pantel K, Sleijfer S, Terstappen LW, Den Toonder JM. Circulating tumor cell isolation and diagnostics: toward routine clinical use. Cancer Res. 2011;71(18):5955–60. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1254.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smit DJ, Schneegans S, Pantel K. Clinical applications of Circulating tumor cells in patients with solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2024;41(4):403–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-024-10267-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Okajima W, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Miyamae M, Ohashi T, Imamura T, et al. Liquid biopsy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(31):5650–68. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5650.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meng S, Tripathy D, Frenkel EP, Shete S, Naftalis EZ, Huth JF, et al. Circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer dormancy. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(24):8152–62. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1110.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Vaart M, Pretorius PJ. The origin of Circulating free DNA. Clin Chem. 2007;53(12):2215. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.092734.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strilic B, Offermanns S. Intravascular survival and extravasation of tumor cells. Cancer Cell. 2017;32(3):282–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thierry AR, El Messaoudi S, Gahan P, Anker P, Stroun M. Origins, structures, and functions of Circulating DNA in oncology. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2016;35(3):347–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-016-9629-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cortese R, Almendros I, Wang Y, Gozal D. Tumor Circulating DNA profiling in xenografted mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Oncotarget. 2015;6(1):556–69. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2785.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Clinical applications of Circulating tumor cells and Circulating tumor DNA as liquid biopsy. Cancer Discov. 2016;6(5):479–91. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-1483.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crowley E, Di Nicolantonio F, Loupakis F, Bardelli A. Liquid biopsy: monitoring cancer-genetics in the blood. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10(8):472–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.110.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stroun M, Lyautey J, Lederrey C, Olson-Sand A, Anker P. About the possible origin and mechanism of Circulating DNA: apoptosis and active DNA release. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;313(1–2):139–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00665-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Underhill HR, Kitzman JO, Hellwig S, Welker NC, Daza R, Baker DN, et al. Fragment length of Circulating tumor DNA. PLoS Genet. 2016;12(7):e1006162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006162.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mouliere F, Chandrananda D, Piskorz AM, Moore EK, Morris J, Ahlborn LB, et al. Enhanced detection of Circulating tumor DNA by fragment size analysis. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10(466):eaat4921. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aat4921.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diehl F, Schmidt K, Choti MA, Romans K, Goodman S, Li M, et al. Circulating mutant DNA to assess tumor dynamics. Nat Med. 2008;14(9):985–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.1789.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu M, Wang J, Xu Y, Ding X, Li M, Jiang F, et al. Circulating tumor DNA is effective for the detection of EGFR mutation in non–small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(1):206–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0895.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freidin MB, Freydina DV, Leung M, Montero Fernandez A, Nicholson AG, Lim E. Circulating tumor DNA outperforms Circulating tumor cells for KRAS mutation detection in thoracic malignancies. Clin Chem. 2015;61(10):1299–304. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.242453.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan KA, Jiang P, Zheng YW, Liao GJ, Sun H, Wong J, et al. Cancer genome scanning in plasma: detection of tumor-associated copy number aberrations, single-nucleotide variants, and tumoral heterogeneity by massively parallel sequencing. Clin Chem. 2013;59(1):211–24. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.196014.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balgkouranidou I, Chimonidou M, Milaki G, Tsarouxa E, Kakolyris S, Welch D, et al. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1 promoter methylation in cell-free DNA provides prognostic information in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;110(8):2054–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.104.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chan KA, Lai PB, Mok TS, Chan HL, Ding C, Yeung S, et al. Quantitative analysis of Circulating methylated DNA as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chem. 2008;54(9):1528–36. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.104653.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong IH, Dennis Lo Y, Zhang J, Liew C-T, Ng MH, Wong N, et al. Detection of aberrant p16 methylation in the plasma and serum of liver cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1999;59(1):71–3.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelley RK, Magbanua MJM, Butler TM, Collisson EA, Hwang J, Sidiropoulos N, et al. Circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study of detection, enumeration, and next-generation sequencing in cases and controls. BMC Cancer. 2015;15206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1195-z.

Guo W, Yang X-R, Sun Y-F, Shen M-N, Ma X-L, Wu J, et al. Clinical significance of EpCAM mRNA-positive Circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by an optimized negative enrichment and qRT-PCR–based platform. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(18):4794–805. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0251.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fang Z-T, Zhang W, Wang G-Z, Zhou B, Yang G-W, Qu X-D, et al. Circulating tumor cells in the central and peripheral venous compartment–assessing hematogenous dissemination after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2014;71311–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S62605.

Yu J-j, Xiao W, Dong S-l, Liang H-f, Zhang Z-w, Zhang B-x, et al. Effect of surgical liver resection on Circulating tumor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):835. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4744-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

von Felden J, Schulze K, Krech T, Ewald F, Nashan B, Pantel K, et al. Circulating tumor cells as liquid biomarker for high HCC recurrence risk after curative liver resection. Oncotarget. 2017;8(52):89978–87. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21208.

Article  Google Scholar 

Choi GH, Kim GI, Yoo JE, Na DC, Han DH, Roh YH, et al. Increased expression of Circulating cancer stem cell markers during the perioperative period predicts early recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22)3S1444–52. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4480-9.

Qi L-N, Xiang B-D, Wu F-X, Ye J-Z, Zhong J-H, Wang Y-Y, et al. Circulating tumor cells undergoing EMT provide a metric for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2018;78(16):4731–44.