Boucai L, Zafereo M, Cabanillas ME. Thyroid Cancer: A Review. JAMA. 2024;331(5):425–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.26348. PMID: 38319329.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wei X, Wang X, Xiong J, Li C, Liao Y, Zhu Y, Mao J. Risk and Prognostic Factors for BRAF Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Biomed Res Int. 2022;18(2022):9959649. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9959649. PMID:35647194;PMCID:PMC9132653.V600E.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baloch ZW, Asa SL, Barletta JA, Ghossein RA, Juhlin CC, Jung CK, LiVolsi VA, Papotti MG, Sobrinho-Simões M, Tallini G, Mete O. Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol. 2022;33(1):27–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-022-09707-3. Epub 2022 Mar 14 PMID: 35288841.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kotanidou EP, Giza S, Tsinopoulou VR, Margaritis K, Papadopoulou A, Sakellari E, Kolanis S, Litou E, Serbis A, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. The Prognostic Significance of BRAF Gene Analysis in Children and Adolescents with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(6):1187. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061187. PMID:36980495;PMCID:PMC10047331.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boscolo Bielo L, Trapani D, Repetto M, Crimini E, Valenza C, Belli C, Criscitiello C, Marra A, Subbiah V, Curigliano G. Variant allele frequency: a decision-making tool in precision oncology? Trends Cancer. 2023;9(12):1058–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.011. Epub 2023 Sep 12 PMID: 37704501.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang J, Wang J, Xv J, Wang J, Wang G, Zhao Y. Genetic alterations and allele frequency of BRAF V600E and TERT mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma with intermediate-to-high recurrence risk: a retrospective study. Clin Exp Med. 2024;24(1):76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-024-01320-4. PMID:38607456;PMCID:PMC11014806.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Tang P, Hua S, Gao J, Zhang B, Wan H, Wu Q, Zhang J, Chen G. Genetic and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Chinese Population: High BRAF Mutation Allele Frequency, Multiple Driver Gene Mutations, and RET Fusion May Indicate More Advanced TN Stage. Onco Targets Ther. 2022Feb;9(15):147–57. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S339114. PMID:35173448;PMCID:PMC8841610.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu S, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Chen P, Ji M, Hou P, Shi B. Association of BRAFV600E mutation with clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study on a Chinese population. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Sep 15;7(10):6922–8. PMID: 25400776; PMCID: PMC4230084.

Fu G, Chazen RS, Monteiro E, Vescan A, Freeman JL, Witterick IJ, MacMillan C. Facilitation of Definitive Cancer Diagnosis With Quantitative Molecular Assays of BRAF V600E and TERT Promoter Variants in Patients With Thyroid Nodules. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(7): e2323500. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23500. PMID:37505499;PMCID:PMC10383015.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li X, Kwon H. The Impact of BRAF Mutation on the Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(8):2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082056. PMID:32722429;PMCID:PMC7463825.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guerra A, Fugazzola L, Marotta V, Cirillo M, Rossi S, Cirello V, Forno I, Moccia T, Budillon A, Vitale M. A high percentage of BRAFV600E alleles in papillary thyroid carcinoma predicts a poorer outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(7):2333–40. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3106. Epub 2012 Apr 16 PMID: 22508706.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdulhaleem M, Bandargal S, Pusztaszeri MP, Rajab M, Greenspoon H, Krasner JR, Da Silva SD, Forest VI, Payne RJ. The Impact of BRAF V600E Mutation Allele Frequency on the Histopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023;16(1):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010113. PMID:38201541;PMCID:PMC10777954

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ullah R, Yin Q, Snell AH, Wan L. RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in cancer evolution and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;85:123–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 May 13 PMID: 33992782.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim J, Lee HS, Park J, Kim KS, Kim SK, Cho YW, Song YS. Different Molecular Phenotypes of Progression in BRAF- and RAS-Like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2023;38(4):445–454. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1702. Epub 2023 Jul 18. PMID: 37461149; PMCID: PMC10475970.

Gandolfi G, Sancisi V, Torricelli F, Ragazzi M, Frasoldati A, Piana S, Ciarrocchi A. Allele percentage of the BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinomas and corresponding lymph node metastases: no evidence for a role in tumor progression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(5):E934–42. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3930. Epub 2013 Mar 26 PMID: 23533235.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Frunck-Brentano E, Baudoux L, Jung CK, Zimmermann U, Marin C, Clerici T, Le Gall C, Peschaud F, Taly V, et al. Variations in BRAF mutant allele percentage in melanomas. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:497. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1515-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stagni C, Zamuner C, Elefanti L, Zanin T, Bianco PD, Sommariva A, Fabozzi A, Pigozzo J, Mocellin S, Montesco MC, Chiarion-Sileni V, De Nicolo A, Menin C. BRAF Gene Copy Number and Mutant Allele Frequency Correlate with Time to Progression in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with MAPK Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther. 2018;17(6):1332–40. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-17-1124. Epub 2018 Apr 6 PMID: 29626128.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schumm MA, Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN, Wald AI, Tseng CH, Smooke-Praw S, Wu JX, Yeh MW, Livhits MJ. Association of BRAF V600E allele frequency with clinicopathologic outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024:dgae774. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae774. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39541427.

Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U. Braf-Mutant Melanomas: Biology and Therapy. Curr Oncol. 2024;31(12):7711–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31120568. PMID:39727691;PMCID:PMC11674697.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maldonado JL, Fridlyand J, Patel H, Jain AN, Busam K, Kageshita T, Ono T, Albertson DG, Pinkel D, Bastian BC. Determinants of BRAF mutations in primary melanomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(24):1878–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djg123. PMID: 14679157.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haroon Al Rasheed MR, Xu B. Molecular Alterations in Thyroid Carcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin. 2019;12(4):921–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2019.08.002. Epub 2019 Sep 27. PMID: 31672298; PMCID: PMC6883923.

Hudson TJ, Pusztaszeri MP, Hier MP, Forest VI, Yang JW, Payne RJ. Does the likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules with RAS mutations increase in direct proportion with the allele frequency percentage? J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;52(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-022-00611-8. PMID:36774522;PMCID:PMC9921308.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fu G, Chazen RS, MacMillan C, Witterick IJ. Discriminating Interpatient Variabilities of RAS Gene Variants for Precision Detection of Thyroid Cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5): e2411919. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.11919. PMID:38758552;PMCID:PMC11102019.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Romei C, Ramone T, Mulè C, Prete A, Cappagli V, Lorusso L, Torregrossa L, Basolo F, Ciampi R, Elisei R. RET mutated C-cells proliferate more rapidly than non-mutated neoplastic cells. Endocr Connect. 2021;10(2):124–30. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0589. PMID:33475524;PMCID:PMC7983519.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saito Y, Kage H, Kobayashi K, Kamogashira T, Fukuoka O, Yamamura K, Yamashita S, Tanabe M, Oda K, Kondo K. Comprehensive genomic profiling from C-CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15098. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38853441.

Liu R, Xing M. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016;23(3):R143–55. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0533. Epub 2016 Jan 5. PMID: 26733501; PMCID: PMC4750651.

Yang H, Park H, Ryu HJ, Heo J, Kim JS, Oh YL, Choe JH, Kim JH, Kim JS, Jang HW, Kim TH, Kim SW, Chung JH. Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022;37(4):652–663. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1477. Epub 2022 Jul 22. PMID: 35864728; PMCID: PMC9449103.

Matsuse M, Mitsutake N. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer. Endocr J. 2023;70(11):1035–49. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0136. Epub 2023 Aug 1 PMID: 37532521.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marina Muzza, Gabriele Pogliaghi, Carla Colombo, Elisa Stellaria Grassi, Erika Carbone, Sonia Palazzo, Francesco Frattini, Giacomo Gazzano, Luca Persani, Laura Fugazzola, Extra-nuclear TERT counteracts oxidative stress and promotes progression in papillary thyroid carcinoma, Translational Research,Volume 271, 2024, Pages 1–12, ISSN 1931–5244,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.004.

Zantut-Wittmann DE, Laus AC, Moreno DA, Barreto IS, Moma CA, Maia FFR, Etchebehere ECSC, Assumpção LVM, Reis RM. Extremely aggressive course in a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting a double mutation of the TERT promoter. Am J Med Sci. 2023;365(6):532–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2023.03.019. Epub 2023 Mar 25 PMID: 36972734.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Na HY, Yu HW, Kim W, Moon JH, Ahn CH, Choi SI, Kim YK, Choi JY, Park SY. Clinicopathological indicators for TERT promoter mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022;97(1):106–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14728. Epub 2022 Apr 5 PMID: 35343605.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Man J, Nicolson N, Gibson C, Carling T. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: growing evidence for a predictor of poor outcome. Gland Surg. 2019;8(3):301–3. https://doi.org/10.21037/gs.2019.04.11. PMID:31328111;PMCID:PMC6606470.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central