From the aDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

bThe Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

cDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

dNHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Submitted October 30, 2023; accepted March 18, 2024

L.F., C.M., and G.W. contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

This study was supported by grants from the funds for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University (2021lcxk004) and the Postgraduate Innovation Research and Practice Program of Anhui Medical University (YJS20230029).

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

The authors do not have permission to share data. Code was available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Correspondence: Faming Pan, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. E-mail: [email protected] and Yunxia Cao, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China. E-mail: [email protected].