Boullata JI, Nace AM. Safety issues with herbal medicine. Pharmacotherapy. 2000;20(3):257–69.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen FP, Chen TJ, Kung YY, Chen YC, Chou LF, Chen FJ, et al. Use frequency of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7(1):1–11.
BM Association. Complementary medicine: new approaches to good practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993.
Singapore MoH. National Health Survey 2010. Singapore MoH: Singapore; 2010.
Lim MK, Sadarangani P, Chan H, Heng J. Complementary and alternative medicine use in multiracial Singapore. Complement Ther Med. 2005;13(1):16–24.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu S-H, Chuang W-C, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng Y-C. Safety surveillance of traditional Chinese medicine: current and future. Drug Saf. 2015;38:117–28.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee T-L. Complementary and alternative medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine: time for critical engagement. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2006;35(11):749.
van Grootheest K, Olsson S, Couper M, de Jong-van den Berg L. Pharmacists’ role in reporting adverse drug reactions in an international perspective. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(7):457–64.
Asher GN, Corbett AH, Hawke RL. Common herbal dietary supplement–drug interactions. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(2):101–7.
Che C-T, Wang ZJ, Chow MSS, Lam CWK. Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives. Molecules. 2013;18(5):5125–41.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brazier NC, Levine MA. Drug-herb interaction among commonly used conventional medicines: a compendium for health care professionals. Am J Ther. 2003;10(3):163–9.
Shimabukuro TT, Nguyen M, Martin D, DeStefano F. Safety monitoring in the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS). Vaccine. 2015;33(36):4398–405.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Clothier HJ, Hosking L, Crawford NW, Russell M, Easton ML, Quinn J-A, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine adverse events in Victoria, Australia: analysis of reports to an enhanced passive surveillance system. Drug Saf. 2015;38:79–86.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Choi S, Choi SJ, Kim JK, Lee Y-W, Lee YK. Real-World evidence of point-of-care glucometers: enhanced passive surveillance and adverse event reporting status in Korea and the United States. Ann Lab Med. 2023;43(5):515–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hattersley AM, Kiernan M, Goldberg D, Dierickx C, Sliney DH, Haedersdal M, et al. Assessment of adverse events for a home-use intense pulsed light hair removal device using postmarketing surveillance. Lasers Surg Med. 2023;55(4):414–22.
Ngim CF, Husain SMT, Hassan SS, Dhanoa A, Ahmad SAA, Mariapun J, et al. Rapid testing requires clinical evaluation for accurate diagnosis of dengue disease: a passive surveillance study in Southern Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(5): e0009445.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Larizgoitia I, Bouesseau MC, Kelley E. WHO efforts to promote reporting of adverse events and global learning. J Public Health Res. 2013;2(3):e29.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rafter N, Hickey A, Condell S, Conroy R, O’connor P, Vaughan D, et al. Adverse events in healthcare: learning from mistakes. QJM. 2015;108(4):273–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Charrois TL, Hill RL, Vu D, Foster BC, Boon HS, Cramer K, et al. Community identification of natural health product–drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(7–8):1124–9.
Barnes J. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines: a UK perspective. Drug Saf. 2003;26:829–51.
Raynor DK, Dickinson R, Knapp P, Long AF, Nicolson DJ. Buyer beware? Does the information provided with herbal products available over the counter enable safe use? BMC Med. 2011;9:1–9.
Vohra S, Cvijovic K, Boon H, Foster BC, Jaeger W, LeGatt D, et al. Study of natural health product adverse reactions (SONAR): active surveillance of adverse events following concurrent natural health product and prescription drug use in community pharmacies. PLoS ONE. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045196.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Murray J, Cohen AL. Infectious disease surveillance. Int Encycl Public Health. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00517-8.
Necyk C, Tsuyuki RT, Boon H, Foster BC, LeGatt D, Cembrowski G, et al. Pharmacy study of natural health product adverse reactions (SONAR): a cross-sectional study using active surveillance in community pharmacies to detect adverse events associated with natural health products and assess causality. BMJ Open. 2014;4(3): e003431.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Patel DN, Low WL, Tan LL, Tan MMB, Zhang Q, Low MY, et al. Adverse events associated with the use of complementary medicine and health supplements: an analysis of reports in the Singapore Pharmacovigilance database from 1998 to 2009. Clin Toxicol. 2012;50(6):481–9.
Xu Y, Patel DN, Ng S-LP, Tan S-H, Toh D, Poh J, et al. Retrospective study of reported adverse events due to complementary health products in Singapore from to 2016. Front Med. 2010;2018(5):167.
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495–9.
Da Costa BR, Cevallos M, Altman DG, Rutjes AW, Egger M. Uses and misuses of the STROBE statement: bibliographic study. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1): e000048.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, Janecek E, Domecq C, Greenblatt DJ. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;30(2):239–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1981.154.
Shukla AK, Jhaj R, Misra S, Ahmed SN, Nanda M, Chaudhary D. Agreement between WHO-UMC causality scale and the Naranjo algorithm for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(9):3303–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: a simple guide and reference. Milton: Routledge; 2019.
Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan LDA, François R, et al. Welcome to the Tidyverse. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4(43):1686.
Gómez-Rubio V. ggplot2-elegant graphics for data analysis. J Stat Softw. 2017;77:1–3.
Acharya TA, Trivedi MD, Joshi KJ, Chhaiya SB, Mehta DS. A study of agreement between WHO-UMC causality assessment system and the Naranjo algorithm for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions observed in medical ICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2020;13(1):79–83.
Ravi G, Chikara G, Bandyopadhyay A, Handu S. Antimicrobial-associated adverse drug reaction profiling and assessing the agreement between the WHO-UMC scale and the Naranjo algorithm for causality assessment at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2020;10(11):945.
Schwendimann R, Blatter C, Dhaini S, Simon M, Ausserhofer D. The occurrence, types, consequences and preventability of in-hospital adverse events–a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–13.
Madigan EA. A description of adverse events in home healthcare. Home Healthcare Now. 2007;25(3):191–7.
Beggs C, Knibbs LD, Johnson GR, Morawska L. Environmental contamination and hospital-acquired infection: factors that are easily overlooked. Indoor Air. 2015;25(5):462–74.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Healthcare-associated infection in developing countries: simple solutions to meet complex challenges. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(12):1323–7.
Guo Y, Chen J. A case report: traditional Chinese medicine for curing psychosomatic tinnitus symptoms. Psychosom Med Res. 2021;3(3):157–64.
Chung VC, Ma PH, Lau CH, Wong SY, Yeoh EK, Griffiths SM. Views on traditional Chinese medicine amongst Chinese population: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Health Expect. 2014;17(5):622–36.
Belhekar MN, Taur SR, Munshi RP. A study of agreement between the Naranjo algorithm and WHO-UMC criteria for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. Indian J Pharmacol. 2014;46(1):117–20.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rana DA, Bhadiyadara SN, Shah HJ, Malhotra SD, Patel VJ. Consistency between causality assessments obtained with various scales and their agreement for adverse drug events reported in pediatric population. J Young Pharm. 2015;7(2):89.
Comments (0)