Abrams P, Chapple C, Khoury S, Roehrborn C, de la Rosette J, International Scientific Committee. Evaluation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men. J Urol. 2009;181(4):1779–87.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lepor H. Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in the aging male population. Rev Urol. 2005;7(Suppl 7):3–11.
Langan RC. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Prim Care. 2019;46(2):223–32.
Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.) - NIDDK [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/prostate-enlargement-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia.
Lee AJ, Garraway WM, Simpson RJ, Fisher W, King D. The natural history of untreated lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men over a period of five years. Eur Urol. 1998;34(4):325–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Qin F, Yuan J. The prevalence and associated factors of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in aging males. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1432–9.
Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G. Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med. 2011;9:48.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
NCEP ATP-III. Cholesterol Guidelines -- Cholesterol 2.0 - SCYMED [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 21]. Available from: http://www.scymed.com/en/smnxdj/edzr/edzr9610.htm.
Nicholson TM, Ricke WA. Androgens and estrogens in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: past, present and future. Differentiation. 2011;82(4–5):184–99.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Tan J, Qin F, Yuan J. The association between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in aging males: evidence based on propensity score matching. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(1):384–96.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee RK, Chung D, Chughtai B, Te AE, Kaplan SA. Central obesity as measured by waist circumference is predictive of severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int. 2012;110(4):540–5.
Ferreira FT, Daltoé L, Succi G, Cunha F, Ferreira JM, Lorenzetti F, et al. Relation between glycemic levels and low tract urinary symptoms in elderly. Aging Male. 2015;18(1):34–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Park HK, Lee HW, Lee KS, Byun S-S, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, et al. Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and metabolic syndrome in a community-based elderly population. Urology. 2008;72(3):556–60.
Gupta A, Gupta S, Pavuk M, Roehrborn CG. Anthropometric and metabolic factors and risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a prospective cohort study of Air Force veterans. Urology. 2006;68(6):1198–205.
Ohgaki K, Hikima N, Horiuchi K, Kondo Y. Association between metabolic syndrome and male lower urinary tract symptoms in Japanese subjects using three sets of criteria for metabolic syndrome and international prostate symptom score. Urology. 2011;77(6):1432–8.
Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121–6.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Calculator. International Prostatism Symptom Score (IPSS) - UpToDate [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/calculator-international-prostatism-symptom-score-ipss.
Delavari A, Forouzanfar MH, Alikhani S, Sharifian A, Kelishadi R. First nationwide study of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and optimal cutoff points of waist circumference in the Middle East: the national survey of risk factors for noncommunicable Diseases of Iran. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1092–7.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abu Sham’a RAH, Darwazah AK, Kufri FH, Yassin IH, Torok NI. MetS and cardiovascular risk factors among palestinians of East Jerusalem. East Mediterr Health J. 2009;15(6):1464–73.
Kozan O, Oguz A, Abaci A, Erol C, Ongen Z, Temizhan A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Turkish adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(4):548–53.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pashootan P, Ploussard G, Cocaul A, de Gouvello A, Desgrandchamps F. Association between metabolic syndrome and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): an observational study in a 4666 European men cohort. BJU Int. 2015;116(1):124–30.
Ozden C, Ozdal OL, Urgancioglu G, Koyuncu H, Gokkaya S, Memis A. The correlation between metabolic syndrome and prostatic growth in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2007;51(1):199–203. discussion 204.
Hammarsten J, Högstedt B, Holthuis N, Mellström D. Components of the metabolic syndrome-risk factors for the development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 1998;1(3):157–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li J, Peng L, Cao D, Gou H, Li Y, Wei Q. The association between metabolic syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):1388–99.
Fu Y, Zhou Z, Yang B, Zhang K, He L, Zhang X. The relationship between the clinical progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome: a prospective study. Urol Int. 2016;97(3):330–5.
Liu SY-W, Yee CH, Chiu PK-F, Lam CC-H, Wong SK-H, Ng EK-W, et al. The effect of bariatric Surgery on the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms in morbidly obese male patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(2):380–8.
Dahle SE, Chokkalingam AP, Gao Y-T, Deng J, Stanczyk FZ, Hsing AW. Body size and serum levels of insulin and leptin in relation to the risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. J Urol. 2002;168(2):599–604.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Vital P, Castro P, Ittmann M. Oxidative stress promotes Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Prostate. 2016;76(1):58–67.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nickel JC, Downey J, Young I, Boag S. Asymptomatic inflammation and/or Infection in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. BJU Int. 1999;84(9):976–81.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Anim JT, Udo C, John B. Characterisation of inflammatory cells in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Acta Histochem. 1998;100(4):439–49.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang S-J, Qian H-N, Zhao Y, Sun K, Wang H-Q, Liang G-Q, et al. Relationship between age and prostate size. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(1):116–20.
Comments (0)