Akram H, Mirza B, Kitchen N, Zakrzewska JM (2013) Proposal for evaluating the quality of reports of surgical interventions in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: the surgical trigeminal neuralgia score. Neurosurg Focus 35(3):E3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.6.FOCUS13213
Altamirano JM, Jimenez-Olvera M, Moreno-Jimenez S, Gutierrez-Aceves GA, Velasco-Campos F, Navarro-Olvera JL, Carrillo-Ruiz JD (2024) Comparison of microvascular decompression, percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy, and stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a long term quasi-experimental study. Pain Pract 24(3):514–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13327
Andersen ASS, Heinskou TB, Rochat P, Springborg JB, Noory N, Smilkov EA, Bendtsen L, Maarbjerg S (2022) Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia - a prospective study of 115 patients. J Headache Pain 23(1):145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01520-x
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ashina S, Robertson CE, Srikiatkhachorn A, Di Stefano G, Donnet A, Hodaie M, Obermann M, Romero-Reyes M, Park YS, Cruccu G, Bendtsen L (2024) Trigeminal neuralgia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 10(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-024-00523-z
Barker FG 2nd, Jannetta PJ, Bissonette DJ, Larkins MV, Jho HD (1996) The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. N Engl J Med 334(17):1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199604253341701
Bederson JB, Wilson CB (1989) Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg 71(3):359–367. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.3.0359
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bendtsen L, Zakrzewska JM, Abbott J, Braschinsky M, Di Stefano G, Donnet A, Eide PK, Leal PRL, Maarbjerg S, May A, Nurmikko T, Obermann M, Jensen TS, Cruccu G (2019) European academy of neurology guideline on trigeminal neuralgia. Eur J Neurol 26(6):831–849. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13950
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bendtsen L, Zakrzewska JM, Heinskou TB, Hodaie M, Leal PRL, Nurmikko T, Obermann M, Cruccu G, Maarbjerg S (2020) Advances in diagnosis, classification, pathophysiology, and management of trigeminal neuralgia. Lancet Neurol 19(9):784–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30233-7
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen Q, Yi DI, Perez JNJ, Liu M, Chang SD, Barad MJ, Lim M, Qian X (2022) The molecular basis and pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia. Int J Mol Sci 23(7):3604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073604
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cheng JS, Lim DA, Chang EF, Barbaro NM (2014) A review of percutaneous treatments for trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery 10:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.00000000000001687
Cruccu G, Di Stefano G, Truini A (2020) Trigeminal neuralgia. N Engl J Med 383(8):754–762. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1914484
Durnford AJ, Gaastra B, Akarca D, Lodge A, Ewbank FG, Noorani I, Vajramani G, Sparrow OC (2022) Internal neurolysis: “nerve combing” for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular conflict - early UK outcomes. Br J Neurosurg 36(2):175–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1837730
Fan Z (1993) Intracranial longitudinal splitting of facial nerve: a new approach for hemifacial spasm. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102(2):108–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200205
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ferroli P, Vetrano IG, Acerbi F, Raccuia G, Schiariti M, Confalonieri P, Chiapparini L, Broggi M (2020) Trigeminal interfascicular neurolysis (nerve combing) for refractory recurrent neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgical Focus: Video 3(2):V3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.5.FOCVID203
Gudmundsson K, Rhoton AL Jr, Rushton JG (1971) Detailed anatomy of the intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve. J Neurosurg 35(5):592–600. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1971.35.5.0592
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Håkanson S (1981) Trigeminal neuralgia treated by the injection of glycerol into the trigeminal cistern. Neurosurgery 9(6):638–46. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198112000-00005
Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach. [Internet]. Available from: https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html. Accessed 2 Aug 2025
Harries AM, Mitchell RD (2011) Percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: safety and efficacy of repeat procedures. Br J Neurosurg 25(2):268–272. https://doi.org/10.3109/02688697.2011.558946
Jannetta PJ (1967) Gross (mesoscopic) description of the human trigeminal nerve and ganglion. J Neurosurg 26(1):109–111. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1967.26.1part2.0109
Jie H, Xuanchen Z, Deheng L, Kun G, Fengyang X, Xiang C, Xiaoting W, Guangxin Z, Yiqing L (2013) The long-term outcome of nerve combing for trigeminal neuralgia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 155(9):1703–1708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1804-z
Ko AL, Ozpinar A, Lee A, Raslan AM, McCartney S, Burchiel KJ (2015) Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. J Neurosurg 122(5):1048–1057. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.JNS14469
Li MW, Jiang XF, Niu C (2021) Efficacy of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 82(4):364–368. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723809
Liang X, Dong X, Zhao S, Ying X, Du Y, Yu W (2017) A retrospective study of neurocombing for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. Ir J Med Sci 186(4):1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-016-1547-y
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ma Z, Li M (2009) “Nerve combing” for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression: report of 10 cases. Clin J Pain 25(1):44–47. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e31817e138e
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Melek LN, Devine M, Renton T (2018) The psychosocial impact of orofacial pain in trigeminal neuralgia patients: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47(7):869–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.02.006
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mullan S, Lichtor T (1983) Percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg 59(6):1007–1012. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1983.59.6.1007
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ravina K, Strickland BA, Rennert RC, Bakhsheshian J, Russin JJ, Giannotta SL (2019) Revision microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: factors associated with surgical failure. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 80(1):31–39. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661348
Rogers CL, Shetter AG, Fiedler JA, Smith KA, Han PP, Speiser BL (2000) Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of The Barrow Neurological Institute. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47(4):1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00513-7
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sindou M, Howeidy T, Acevedo G (2002) Anatomical observations during microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (with correlations between topography of pain and site of the neurovascular conflict). Prospective study in a series of 579 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 144(1):1–12; discussion 12–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s701-002-8269-4
Comments (0)