Author contributions

Harold Chaves-Cardona, Mark Matus, Andrea Rivero, and Ilana Logvinov helped design the study, collect the data, and approved the final version. Vivian Hernandez helped design the study, collect the data, perform statistical analysis, compose the manuscript, and approved the final version. Sorin J. Brull helped design the study, compose the manuscript, and approved the final version. J. Ross Renew helped design the study, collect the data, compose the manuscript, and approved the final version.

Disclosures

J. Ross Renew has completed industry-sponsored research (Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) with funds to employer, and served on an advisory board and as a speaker for Senzime AB (Uppsala, Sweden; the manufacturer of the device tested in this study). Sorin J. Brull has intellectual property assigned to the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA); has received research support (funds to the Mayo Clinic) from Merck & Co., Inc.; is a consultant for Merck & Co., Inc.; is a principal, shareholder, and Chief Medical Officer at Senzime AB; and is a member of the Scientific/Clinical Advisory Boards for Coala Life Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA), NMD Pharma (Aarhus, Denmark), and Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Cambridge, MA, USA).

Funding statement

None.

Editorial responsibility

This submission was handled by Dr. Vishal Uppal, Associate Editor, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie.