Bailey JG, Uppal V. Fascial plane blocks: moving from the expansionist to the reductionist era. Can J Anesth 2022; 69: 1185–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-022-02309-x
Mörwald EE, Zubizarreta N, Cozowicz C, Poeran J, Memtsoudis SG. Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in orthopedic patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2017; 42: 442–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000544
Rubin DS, Matsumoto MM, Weinberg G, Roth S. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity in total joint arthroplasty: incidence and risk factors in the United States from the national inpatient sample 1998–2013. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43: 131–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000684
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baethge C, Goldbeck-Wood S, Mertens S. SANRA—a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Res Integr Peer Rev 2019; 4: 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Neal JM, Gerancher JC, Hebl JR, et al. Upper extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding, 2008. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2009; 34: 134–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e31819624eb
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hebbard P, Fujiwara Y, Shibata Y, Royse C. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007; 35: 616–7.
El-Boghdadly K, Wolmarans M, Stengel AD, et al. Standardizing nomenclature in regional anesthesia: an ASRA-ESRA Delphi consensus study of abdominal wall, paraspinal, and chest wall blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46: 571–80. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-102451
Chin KJ, Lirk P, Hollmann MW, Schwarz SKW. Mechanisms of action of fascial plane blocks: a narrative review. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46: 618–28. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-102305
Black ND, Stecco C, Chan VW. Fascial plane blocks: more questions than answers? Anesth Analg 2021; 132: 899–905. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005321
Chin KJ, El-Boghdadly K. Mechanisms of action of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a narrative review. Can J Anesth 2021; 68: 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01875-2
Taylor A, McLeod G. Basic pharmacology of local anaesthetics. BJA Educ 2020; 20: 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2019.10.002
Rosenberg PH, Veering BT, Urmey WF. Maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics: a multifactorial concept. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29: 564–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2004.08.003
Murouchi T, Iwasaki S, Yamakage M. Chronological changes in ropivacaine concentration and analgesic effects between transversus abdominis plane block and rectus sheath block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2015; 40: 568–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000288
El-Boghdadly K, Pawa A, Chin KJ. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: current perspectives. Local Reg Anesth 2018; 11: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.2147/lra.S154512
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Weinberg GL, VadeBoncouer T, Ramaraju GA, Garcia-Amaro MF, Cwik MJ. Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 1071–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199804000-00028
Fettiplace MR, Weinberg G. The mechanisms underlying lipid resuscitation therapy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43: 138-49. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000719
Neal JM, Neal EJ, Weinberg GL. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine local anesthetic systemic toxicity checklist: 2020 version. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021; 46: 81–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101986
Foldes FF, Molloy R, Mc NP, Koukal LR. Comparison of toxicity of intravenously given local anesthetic agents in man. J Am Med Assoc 1960; 172: 1493–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1960.03020140029007
Scott DB, Lee A, Fagan D, Bowler GM, Bloomfield P, Lundh R. Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 563–9.
Knudsen K, Beckman Suurküla M, Blomberg S, Sjövall J, Edvardsson N. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 507–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/78.5.507
Bardsley H, Gristwood R, Baker H, Watson N, Nimmo W. A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and rac-bupivacaine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 245–9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00775.x
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dureau P, Charbit B, Nicolas N, Benhamou D, Mazoit JX. Effect of Intralipid® on the dose of ropivacaine or levobupivacaine tolerated by volunteers: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Anesthesiology 2016; 125: 474–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001230
Schwenk ES, Lam E, Abulfathi AA, et al. Population pharmacokinetic and safety analysis of ropivacaine used for erector spinae plane blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48: 454–61. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-104252
Hunter C, Kendall MC, Chen TH, Apruzzese P, Maslow A. Serum levels of bupivacaine after bilateral ultrasound-guided deep parasternal intercostal plane block in cardiac surgery with median sternotomy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38: 2675–83. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2024.06.006
Griffiths JD, Le NV, Grant S, Bjorksten A, Hebbard P, Royse C. Symptomatic local anaesthetic toxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after transversus abdominis plane block for Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110: 996–1000. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet015
Hessian EC, Evans BE, Woods JA, Taylor DJ, Kinkel E, Bjorksten AR. Plasma ropivacaine concentrations during bilateral transversus abdominis plane infusions. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111: 488–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet065
Zhang FF, Lv C, Yang LY, Wang SP, Zhang M, Guo XW. Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in elderly patients receiving fascia iliaca compartment block. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18: 2648–52. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7838
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Paut O, Schreiber E, Lacroix F, et al. High plasma ropivacaine concentrations after fascia iliaca compartment block in children. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 416–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeh066
Neal JM, Barrington MJ, Fettiplace MR, et al. The Third American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity: executive summary 2017. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43: 113–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000720
Fettiplace M. Weight-based dosing of ropivacaine in erector spinae blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48: 437–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2023-104628
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gitman M, Barrington MJ. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a review of recent case reports and registries. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43: 124–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0000000000000721
Comments (0)