International Diabetes Federation (2021) IDF diabetes atlas, 10th edn. IDF. Available via https://diabetesatlas.org/data/en/. Accessed 23 Apr 2024

Gregg EW, Sattar N, Ali MK (2016) The changing face of diabetes complications. Lancet Diab Endocrinol 4:537–547

Article  Google Scholar 

Glovaci D, Fan W, Wong ND (2019) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 21:21

Kronmal RA, McClelland RL, Detrano R et al (2007) Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects. Circulation 115:2722–2730

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malmberg KYS, Gerstein HC, Brown J et al (2000) Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry. Circulation 102:1014–1019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsimikas SBE, Miller ER, McConnell JP et al (2005) Oxidized phospholipids, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 353:46–57

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waldeyer C, Makarova N, Zeller T et al (2017) Lipoprotein(a) and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the European population: results from the BiomarCaRE consortium. Eur Heart J 38:2490–2498

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huded CP, Shah NP, Puri R et al (2020) Association of serum lipoprotein (a) levels and coronary atheroma volume by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Heart Assoc 9:1–8

Article  Google Scholar 

Kaiser Y, Daghem M, Tzolos E et al (2022) Association of lipoprotein (a) with atherosclerotic plaque progression. J Am Coll Cardiol 79:223–233

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A et al (2020) 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 41:407–477

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO et al (2021) 2021AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 143:e72–e227

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Min JK, Shaw LJ, Devereux RB et al (2007) Prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:1161–1170

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Otsuka K, Fukuda S, Tanaka A et al (2013) Napkin-ring sign on coronary CT angiography for the prediction of acute coronary syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:448–457

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Motoyama S, Sarai M, Harigaya H et al (2009) Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:49–57

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meah MN, Singh T, Williams MC et al (2021) Reproducibility of quantitative plaque measurement in advanced coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 15:333–338

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cury RC, Abbara S, Achenbach S et al (2016) CAD-RADS™ coronary artery disease—reporting and data system. An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 10:269–281

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bittner DO, Mayrhofer T, Budoff M et al (2020) Prognostic value of coronary CTA in stable chest pain CAD-RADS, CAC, and cardiovascular events in PROMISE. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 13:1534–1545

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferencik M, Mayrhofer T, Bittner DO et al (2018) Use of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaque detection for risk stratification of patients with stable chest pain: a secondary analysis of the PROMISE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol 3:144–152

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lan Z, Ding X, Yu Y et al (2023) CT-derived fractional flow reserve for prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 22:65

Genders TSS, Steyerberg EW, Alkadhi H et al (2011) A clinical prediction rule for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: validation, updating, and extension. Eur Heart J 32:1316–1330

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai N, Chen Z, Zhou F et al (2022) Association of lipoprotein (a) with coronary-computed tomography angiography-assessed high-risk coronary disease attributes and cardiovascular outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 15:e014611

Willeit P, Ridker PM, Nestel PJ et al (2018) Baseline and on-statin treatment lipoprotein(a) levels for prediction of cardiovascular events: individual patient-data meta-analysis of statin outcome trials. Lancet 392:1311–1320

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J-J, Ma C-S, Zhao D et al (2022) Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in chinese population. JACC Asia 2:653–665

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu Y, Ding X, Yu L, Dai X, Wang Y, Zhang J (2022) Increased coronary pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls: a propensity score matching analysis. J Cardiovas Comput Tomogr 16:327–335

Article  Google Scholar 

Yu Y, Ding X, Yu L, Lan Z, Wang Y, Zhang J (2023) Prediction of microvascular complications in diabetic patients without obstructive coronary stenosis based on peri-coronary adipose tissue attenuation model. Eur Radiol 33:2015–2026

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu G, Ye W, Ou J et al (2021) Coronary computed tomography angiography assessment of high-risk plaques in predicting acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:743538

Cury RC, Abbara S, Achenbach S et al (2016) CAD-RADS™: coronary artery disease—reporting and data system. J Am Coll Radiol 13:1458–1466

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papadopoulou S-L, Neefjes LA, Garcia-Garcia HM et al (2012) Natural history of coronary atherosclerosis by multislice computed tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 5:S28–S37

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR et al (2010) Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 375:2215–2222

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Kalidindi S et al (2008) Effect of diabetes on progression of coronary atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:255–262

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reyes-Soffer G, Ginsberg HN, Berglund L et al (2022) Lipoprotein(a): a genetically determined, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vascular Biol 42:e48–e60

Kamstrup PRT-HA, Steffensen R, Nordestgaard BG (2009) Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 301:2331–2339

Clarke RPJ, Hopewell JC, Kyriakou T et al (2009) Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease. N. Engl J Med 361:2518–2528

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Ray K et al (2010) Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status. Eur Heart J 31:2844–2853

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Konishi H, Miyauchi K, Shitara J et al (2016) Impact of lipoprotein(a) on long-term outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 118:1781–1785

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jin J-L, Cao Y-X, Zhang H-W et al (2019) Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and prediabetes or diabetes. Diab Care 42:1312–1318

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Jin J-L, Cao Y-X et al (2020) Lipoprotein (a) predicts recurrent worse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with prior cardiovascular events: a prospective, observational cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 19:111

Nakamura H, Kataoka Y, Nicholls SJ et al (2022) Elevated lipoprotein(a) as a potential residual risk factor associated with lipid-rich coronary atheroma in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on statin treatment: Insights from the REASSURE-NIRS registry. Atherosclerosis 349:183–189

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar