Styrkarsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Gudjonsson SA et al (2016) Sequence variants in the PTCH1 gene associate with spine bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures. Nat Commun 7:10129
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xiao PL, Cui AY, Hsu CJ et al (2022) Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 33:2137–2153
Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergård M et al (2013) Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos 8:136
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhu S, Pang Y, Xu J et al (2022) Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:873820
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Klonisch T, Hoang-Vu C, Hombach-Klonisch S (2009) Thyroid stem cells and cancer. Thyroid 19:1303–1315
Kopp P (2001) The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 58:1301–1322
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Roberts CG, Ladenson PW (2004) Hypothyroidism. Lancet 363:793–803
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kim SM, Ryu V, Miyashita S et al (2021) Thyrotropin, Hyperthyroidism, and Bone Mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:e4809–e4821
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Papaleontiou M, Banerjee M, Reyes-Gastelum D et al (2019) Risk of Osteoporosis and Fractures in Patients with Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Control Study in U.S Veterans. Oncologist 24:1166–1173
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Oldknow KJ, MacRae VE, Farquharson C (2015) Endocrine role of bone: recent and emerging perspectives beyond osteocalcin. J Endocrinol 225:R1-19
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tang Y, Zhang L, Ye D et al (2023) Causal relationship between Type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis and fracture occurrence: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Osteoporos Int 34:1111–1117
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Burgess S, Thompson SG (2017) Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol 32:377–389
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sakaue S, Kanai M, Tanigawa Y et al (2021) A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. Nat Genet 53:1415–1424
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P et al (2023) FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature 613:508–518
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Burgess S, Butterworth A, Thompson SG (2013) Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet Epidemiol 37:658–665
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J (2017) Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol 46:1985–1998
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC et al (2016) Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator. Genet Epidemiol 40:304–314
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S (2015) Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol 44:512–525
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brion MJ, Shakhbazov K, Visscher PM (2013) Calculating statistical power in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol 42:1497–1501
Williams GR, Bassett JHD (2018) Thyroid diseases and bone health. J Endocrinol Invest 41:99–109
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Karsenty G, Kronenberg HM, Settembre C (2009) Genetic control of bone formation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25:629–648
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bonewald LF (2011) The amazing osteocyte. J Bone Miner Res 26:229–238
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lee K, Lim S, Park H et al (2020) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis in a middle-aged Korean population. Osteoporos Int 31:547–555
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Raggatt LJ, Partridge NC (2010) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling. J Biol Chem 285:25103–25108
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Baliram R, Chow A, Huber AK et al (2013) Thyroid and bone: macrophage-derived TSH-β splice variant increases murine osteoblastogenesis. Endocrinology 154:4919–4926
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Compston JE, McClung MR, Leslie WD (2019) Osteoporosis. Lancet 393:364–376
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hygum K, Starup-Linde J, Langdahl BL (2019) Diabetes and bone. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 5:29–37
Comments (0)