A.O.A.C. (2000) The Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis, 17th ed. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg

Abd El-Kareem MS, Rabbih MAEF, Selim ETM, Elsherbiny EAE-m, El-Khateeb AY (2016) Application of GC/EIMS in combination with semi-empirical calculations for identification and investigation of some volatile components in basil essential oil. Int J Anal Mass Spectrosc Chromatogr 4(1):14–25. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijamsc.2016.41002

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Abd El-Kareem MSM, Rabbih MA, Rashad AM, El-Hefny M (2024) Essential oils from fennel plants as valuable chemical products: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, FTIR, quantum mechanical investigation, and antifungal activity. Biomass Conv Bioref https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05675-2

Abdel-Rahman TFM, Abdel-Wahed GA, Hassanin MMH (2023) Characterization and control of Root Rot and Wilt Fungi of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) with special reference to first record for Fusarium proliferatum as Wilt Pathogen on Geranium in Egypt. Egypt J Phytopathol 51(1):122–141. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2023.210512.1092

Article  Google Scholar 

Abdel-Razzak H, El-Sharkawy G (2013) Effect of biofertilizer and humic acid applications on growth, yield, quality and storability of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Asian J Crop Sci 5(1):48–64. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2013.48.64

Article  Google Scholar 

Adolf K (2016) Root rot of geranium transplants and its biological control. Int J Agricultural Technol 12:899–914

Google Scholar 

Ahmed MA (1994) Spectrophotometric determination of some carbohydrates, thiocarbonyls and Hydrazines. Anal Lett 27(10):1979–1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719408002645

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ahmed M, El-Aidy A, Radwan E, Abd El-Bary TS (2010) Response of garlic plants to humic acid and different application methods of potassium fertilizer. Minufiya J Agric Res 35(6):2159–2175

Google Scholar 

Alkharpotly A, Mohamed R, Shehata M, Awad A (2017) Impact of soil humic acid soil application and seaweed extract foliar spray on growth, yield, and fruits quality of strawberry plants grown under aswan conditions. J Soil Sci Agric Eng 8(6):307–315. https://doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2017.37496

Article  Google Scholar 

Amagase H (2006) Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of Garlic. J Nut 136(3):716S–725S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.3.716S

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ampong K, Thilakaranthna MS, Gorim LY (2022) Understanding the role of humic acids on crop performance and soil health. Front Agron 4:848621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.848621

Article  Google Scholar 

Anwar GM, Farag FF, Desoukey SY (2018) Characterization of some garlic clones using morphological, cytological, molecular and headspace GC/MS techniques. J Adv Biomed Pharm Sci 1(2):50–55. https://doi.org/10.21608/jabps.2018.3927.1014

Article  Google Scholar 

Arisha H, Ibraheim SKA, El-Sarkassy N (2017) Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) yield, volatile oil and nitrate content to foliar and soil application of potassium fertilizer under sandy soil conditions. Middle East J Appl Sci 7(1):44–56

Google Scholar 

Arzanlou M, Bohlooli S (2010) Introducing of green garlic plant as a new source of allicin. Food Chem 120(1):179–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.004

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Babaleshwar S, Koppad SR, Math K, Dharmatti R (2017) Influence of sulphur on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L). J Pharm Phytochem 6(5):450–452

CAS  Google Scholar 

Badawy A, Zahran M, Hefzy M (2019) Effect of irrigation level and bio-stimulants on productivity and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in calcareous soils. Fayoum J Agr Res Dev 33(1):90–101. https://doi.org/10.21608/fjard.2019.190238

Article  Google Scholar 

Balmori DM, Domínguez CYA, Carreras CR, Rebatos SM, Farías LBP, Izquierdo FG, Berbara RLL, García AC (2019) Foliar application of humic liquid extract from vermicompost improves garlic (Allium sativum L.) production and fruit quality. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 8(Suppl 1):103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0279-1

Article  Google Scholar 

Behairy AG, Mahmoud AR, Shafeek M, Ali AH, Hafez MM (2015) Growth, yield and bulb quality of onion plants (Allium cepa L.) as affected by foliar and soil application of potassium. Middle East J Agr Res 4(1):60–66

Google Scholar 

Benkeblia N (2004) Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various onions (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum). LWT - Food Sci Technol 37(2):263–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2003.09.001

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bidmeshki A, Arvin MJ, Maghsoudi K (2012) Effect of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) foliar application on growth, bulb yield and allicin of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under water deficit stress in field. Iran J Med Arom Plants Res 28(3):567–577

Google Scholar 

Block E (2010) Garlic other alliums. RSC Publishing, Cambridge

Bloem E, Haneklaus S, Schnug E (2010) Influence of Fertilizer practices on S-Containing metabolites in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under field conditions. J Agric Food Chem 58(19):10690–10696. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf102009j

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borlinghaus J, Foerster J, Kappler U, Antelmann H, Noll U, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ (2021) Allicin, the odor of freshly crushed garlic: a review of recent progress in understanding allicin’s effects on cells. Molecules 26(6):1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061505

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boukeria S, Kadi K, Kalleb R, Benbott A, Bendjedou D, Yahia A (2016) Phytochemical and physicochemical characterization of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. essential oils. J Mater Environ Sci 7(7):2362–2368

CAS  Google Scholar 

Cardellina JH, II (2013) Review of garlic and other alliums. The lore and the Science. J Nat Prod 76(4):813. https://doi.org/10.1021/np4002459

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Casella S, Leonardi M, Melai B, Fratini F, Pistelli L (2013) The role of Diallyl sulfides and Dipropyl sulfides in the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Garlic, Allium sativum L., and Leek, Allium porrum L. Phytother Res 27(3):380–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4725

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan JY-Y, Yuen AC-Y, Chan RY-K, Chan S-W (2013) A review of the cardiovascular benefits and antioxidant properties of allicin. Phytother Res 27:637–646. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4796

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng F, Cheng Z, Meng H, Tang X (2016) The garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide affects tomato root growth by influencing cell division, phytohormone balance and expansin gene expression. Front Plant Sci 7:1199. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01199

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choromanska A, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, Surowiak P (2020) Effect of diallyl disulfide and garlic oil on different human astrocytoma cell lines. Biomed Rep 13(4):32. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1339

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daniel CK, Lennox CL, Vries FA (2015) In-vitro effects of garlic extracts on pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba. S Afr J Sci 111(7–8):1–8. https://doi.org/10.17159/SAJS.2015/20140240

Article  Google Scholar 

Denre M, Ghanti S, Sarkar K (2014) Effect of humic acid application on accumulation of mineral nutrition and pungency in garlic (Allium sativum L). Inter J Biotechnol Mol Biol Res 5(2):7–12. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBMBR2014.0186

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dziri S, Casabianca H, Hanchi B, Hosni K (2014) Composition of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum L.) as influenced by drying method. J Essen Oil Res 26(2):91–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.868329

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

EI-Morsy A, El-Shal Z, Sarg SM (2004) Effect of potassium application methods and some micronutrients on growth, yield and storability of garlic. J Agric Sci Mansoura Univ 29:2013–2023

Google Scholar 

El-Beltagi H, Ahmed S, Namich A, Abdel-Sattar R (2017) Effect of salicylic acid and potassium citrate on cotton plant under salt stress. Fresenius Environ Bull 26(1a):1091–1100

CAS  Google Scholar 

El-Hefny M, Mohamed AA, Abdelkhalek A, Salem MZ (2023) Productivity and phytochemicals of Asclepias curassavica in response to compost and silver nanoparticles application: HPLC analysis and antibacterial activity of extracts. Plants 12(12):2274. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122274

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

El-Nemr M, El-Desuki M, El-Bassiony A, Fawzy Z (2012) Response of growth and yield of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) to different foliar applications of humic acid and bio-stimulators. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 6(3):630–637

CAS  Google Scholar 

El-Sayed H, El-Morsy A (2012) Response of productivity and storability of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to some potassium levels and foliar spray with mepiquat chloride (PIX). Inter Res J Agric Sci Soil Sci 2(7):298–305

Google Scholar 

El-Sayed MH, Gad A, Ismail H, Ibraheim SKA (2017) Effect of different potassium sources on growth, productivity and fruit quality of some cantaloupe hybrids under sandy soil conditions. Zagazig J Agric Res 44(5):1615–1626. https://doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2017.52225

Article  Google Scholar 

Elosta A, Slevin M, Rahman K, Ahmed N (2017) Aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract in vitro. Sci Rep 7:39613. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39613