Posner JB, Saper CB, Schiff ND, Jan CM. Plum and Posner’s diagnosis and treatment of stupor and coma. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019.

Book  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Bodien YG, Giacino JT, et al. The neuroethics of disorders of consciousness: a brief history of evolving ideas. Brain. 2021;144(11):3291–310.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Edlow BL, Bodien YG. Covert consciousness. NeuroRehabilitation. 2024;54(1):23–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Edlow BL, Claassen J, Schiff ND, Greer DM. Recovery from disorders of consciousness: mechanisms, prognosis and emerging therapies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021;17(3):135–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giacino JT, Katz DI, Schiff ND, et al. Practice guideline update recommendations summary: disorders of consciousness: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(9):1699–709.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peterson A, Young MJ, Fins JJ. Ethics and the 2018 practice guideline on disorders of consciousness: a framework for responsible implementation. Neurology. 2022;98(17):712–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kondziella D, Bender A, Diserens K, et al. European Academy of Neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(5):741–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malec JF. Guidelines for competency in providing service to patients who have disorders of consciousness are detailed, comprehensive, and need to be implemented. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(11):2051–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comanducci A, Boly M, Claassen J, et al. Clinical and advanced neurophysiology in the prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of disorders of consciousness: review of an IFCN-endorsed expert group. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(11):2736–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Claassen J, Kondziella D, Alkhachroum A, et al. Cognitive motor dissociation: gap analysis and future directions. Neurocrit Care. 2024;40(1):81–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Edlow BL. The quest for covert consciousness: Bringing neuroethics to the bedside. Neurology. 2021;96(19):893–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Edlow BL. Emerging consciousness at a clinical crossroads. AJOB Neurosci. 2021;12(2–3):148–50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Peterson A. Neuroethics across the disorders of consciousness care continuum. Semin Neurol. 2022;42(3):375–92.

Google Scholar 

Lissak IA, Young MJ. Limitation of life sustaining therapy in disorders of consciousness: ethics and practice. Brain. 2024;147(7):2274–88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ. Disorders of consciousness and disordered care: families, caregivers, and narratives of necessity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(10):1934–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ. Rights come to mind: brain injury, ethics, and the struggle for consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015.

Book  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ, Wright MS, Kraft C, et al. Whither the “improvement standard”? Coverage for severe brain injury after Jimmo v. Sebelius. J Law, Med Ethics. 2016;44(1):182–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ, Wright MS. Rights language and disorders of consciousness: a call for advocacy. Brain Inj. 2018;32(5):670–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ, Bernat JL. Ethical, palliative, and policy considerations in disorders of consciousness. Neurology. 2018;91(10):471–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ. When no one notices: disorders of consciousness and the chronic vegetative state. Hastings Cent Rep. 2019;49(4):14–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fins JJ, Wright MS, Bagenstos SR. Disorders of consciousness and disability law. Elsevier; 2020:1732–1739.

Fins JJ. Syndromes in Search of a Name: Disorders of Consciousness, Neuroethics, and Nosological Humility Diagnoses Without Names. Cham: Springer; 2022. p. 163–75.

Google Scholar 

Fins JJ, Giordano J. Minding Brain Injury, Consciousness, and Ethics: Discourse and Deliberations. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2023;33(3):227–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Provencio JJ, Hemphill JC, Claassen J, et al. The curing coma campaign: framing initial scientific challenges—proceedings of the first curing coma campaign scientific advisory council meeting. Springer; 2020:1–12.

Hamilton AB, Finley EP. Qualitative methods in implementation research: An introduction. Psychiatry Res. 2019;280: 112516.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dey I. Grounded theory. Qualitative research practice. 2004:80–93.

Yang L, Qi L, Zhang B. Concepts and evaluation of saturation in qualitative research. Adv Psychol Sci. 2022;30(3):511.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mertens M, King OC, Van Putten MJ, Boenink M. Can we learn from hidden mistakes? Self-fulfilling prophecy and responsible neuroprognostic innovation. J Med Ethics. 2022;48(11):922–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elmer J, Kurz MC, Coppler PJ, et al. Time to awakening and self-fulfilling prophecies after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2023;51(4):503–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi WJ, Young MJ. Disambiguating consciousness in clinical settings. Neurology. 2023;101(20):896–900.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rubin MA, Lewis A, Creutzfeldt CJ, et al. Equity in clinical care and research involving persons with disorders of consciousness. Neurocrit Care. 2024;41:1–12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Helbok R, Rass V, Beghi E, et al. The curing coma campaign international survey on coma epidemiology, evaluation, and therapy (COME TOGETHER). Neurocrit Care. 2022;37(1):47–59.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mainali S, Aiyagari V, Alexander S, et al. Proceedings of the second curing coma campaign NIH symposium: challenging the future of research for coma and disorders of consciousness. Neurocrit Care. 2022;37(1):326–50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lewis A, Claassen J, Illes J, et al. Ethics Priorities of the curing coma campaign: an empirical survey. Neurocrit Care. 2022;7(1):12–21.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lewis A, Young MJ, Rohaut B, et al. Ethics along the continuum of research involving persons with disorders of consciousness. Neurocrit Care. 2023;39(3):565–77.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bodien YG, Fecchio M, Freeman HJ, et al. Clinical implementation of functional MRI and EEG to detect cognitive motor dissociation: lessons learned in an acute care hospital. Neurol Clin Pract. In press.

Bodien YG, Allanson J, Cardone P, et al. Cognitive motor dissociation in disorders of consciousness. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(7):598–608.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lejeune N, Fritz P, Cardone P, et al. Exploring the significance of cognitive motor dissociation on patient outcome in acute disorders of consciousness. Semin Neurol. 2024.

Claassen J, Doyle K, Matory A, et al. Detection of brain activation in unresponsive patients with acute brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2497–505.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Young MJ, Kazazian K, Fischer D, Lissak IA, Bodien YG, Edlow BL. Disclosing results of tests for covert consciousness: a framework for ethical translation. Neurocrit Care. 2024;40(3):865–78.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simon DA, Young MJ. Doctors as device manufacturers? regulation of clinician-generated innovation in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2024.

Douven I. A Bayesian perspective on Likert scales and central tendency. Psychon Bull Rev. 2018;25:1203–11.

Article