Shi T, McAllister DA, O’Brien KL, Simões EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet. 2017;390:946–58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Du Y, Yan R, Wu X, Zhang X, Chen C, Jiang D, et al. Global burden and trends of respiratory syncytial virus infection across different age groups from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease 2019 study. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;1(135):70–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Carter A, Casey DC, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388:1459–544.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ramaekers K, Keyaerts E, Rector A, Borremans A, Beuselinck K, Lagrou K, et al. Prevalence and seasonality of six respiratory viruses during five consecutive epidemic seasons in Belgium. J Clin Virol. 2017;94:72–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Reeves RM, Wang X, Bassat Q, Brooks WA, Cohen C, et al. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(8):e1031–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baker RE, Mahmud AS, Wagner CE, Yang W, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, et al. Epidemic dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in current and future climates. Nat Commun. 2019;10:5512.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rima B, Collins P, Easton A, Fouchier R, Kurath G, Lamb R, et al. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: pneumoviridae. J Gen Virol. 2017;98(December):2912–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramaekers K, Rector A, Cuypers L, Lemey P, Keyaerts E, Van Ranst M. Towards a unified classification for human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes. Virus Evol. 2020;6(2):1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Salimi V, Viegas M, Trento A, Agoti CN, Anderson LJ, Avadhanula V, et al. Proposal for human respiratory syncytial virus nomenclature below the species level. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(6):1–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goya S, Ruis C, Neher RA, Meijer A, Aziz A, Hinrichs AS, et al. The unified proposal for classification of human respiratory syncytial virus below the subgroup level. medRxiv. 2024; February.

Battles MB, McLellan JS. Respiratory syncytial virus entry and how to block it. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17(4):233–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan L, Lemey P, Houspie L, Viveen MC, Jansen NJG, van Loon AM, et al. Genetic variability among complete human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a genomes: bridging molecular evolutionary dynamics and epidemiology. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e51439.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Trento A, Viegas M, Galiano M, Videla C, Carballal G, Mistchenko AS, et al. Natural history of human respiratory syncytial virus inferred from phylogenetic analysis of the attachment (G) glycoprotein with a 60-nucleotide duplication. J Virol. 2006;80(2):975–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eshaghi A, Duvvuri VR, Lai R, Nadarajah JT, Li A, Patel SN, et al. Genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus A strains circulating in Ontario: a novel genotype with a 72 nucleotide g gene duplication. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e32807.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pangesti KNA, Abd El Ghany M, Walsh MG, Kesson AM, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. Rev Med Virol. 2018;28(2):1–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

McLellan JS, Ray WC, Peeples ME. Structure and function of RSV surface glycoproteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;372:83–104.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Collins PL, Melero JA. Progress in understanding and controlling respiratory syncytial virus: still crazy after all these years. Virus Res. 2011;162:80–99.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zlateva KT, Lemey P, Vandamme AM, Van Ranst M. Molecular evolution and circulation patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a: positively selected sites in the attachment G glycoprotein. J Virol. 2004;78(9):4675–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zlateva KT, Lemey P, Moës E, Vandamme AM, Van Ranst M. Genetic variability and molecular evolution of the human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B attachment G protein. J Virol. 2005;79(14):9157–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zlateva KT, Vijgen L, Dekeersmaeker N, Naranjo C, Van Ranst M. Subgroup prevalence and genotype circulation patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus in Belgium during ten successive epidemic seasons. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(9):3022–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Houspie L, Lemey P, Keyaerts E, Reijmen E, Vergote V, Vankeerberghen A, et al. Circulation of HRSV in Belgium: from multiple genotype circulation to prolonged circulation of predominant genotypes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e60416.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wickham H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2016.

Book  Google Scholar 

RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. 2020.

Katoh K, Standley DM. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30(4):772–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Larsson A. AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(22):3276–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and high-performance computing Europe PMC funders group. Nat Methods. 2012;9(8):772.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(9):1312–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Revell LJ. phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods Ecol Evol. 2012;3(2):217–23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Paradis E, Schliep K. Phylogenetics ape 5.0: an environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(3):526–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu G, Smith DK, Zhu H, Guan Y, Lam TTY. Ggtree: an R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data. Methods Ecol Evol. 2017;8(1):28–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yu G, Tsan T, Lam Y, Zhu H, Guan Y. Two methods for mapping and visualizing associated data on phylogeny using Ggtree. Mol Biol Evol. 2018;35(12):3041–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baek HY, Choi EH, Song MS, Pascua PNQ, Kwon HI, Park SJ, et al. Prevalence and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children in Korea. Arch Virol. 2012;157:1039–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cattoir L, Vankeerberghen A, Boel A, Van Va