Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 13(3), pp. 355 - 367
DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130307
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Sonali Phule , Aishwarya Jadhav , Vasant Lokhande *
Department of Pharmacology, Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy, India

ABSTRACT

Hepatotoxicity, characterized by liver damage due to various agents, poses a significant health challenge worldwide. Silibinin (SB), a flavonolignan extracted from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has garnered attention for its potential hepatoprotective properties. This review provides a thorough examination of SB's efficacy in mitigating hepatotoxicity induced by drugs, chemicals, metals and toxins. SB's anti-inflammatory properties extend beyond just inhibiting reactive oxygen species. It also encompasses effects mediated by nuclear RNA/DNA, which work to suppress NF-κB binding and translocation. SB demonstrates notable efficacy in countering drug-induced hepatotoxicity, inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) expression and associated apoptotic pathways. Moreover, it attenuates the impact of chemical insults, exemplified by its ability to suppress TNF and interleukin 4 expressions in acute hepatitis models. SB's influence on the leukotriene formation and 5-lipooxygenase (LOX) pathway, as well as its inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, further contributes to its protective role against various chemical-induced hepatotoxic insults. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on SB's protective effects in hepatotoxicity, providing insights into its potential as a therapeutic agent against diverse challenges posed by drug, chemical, and metal-induced liver damage. The multifaceted actions of SB underscore its promise as a versatile and effective intervention in the realm of hepatoprotection.

KEYWORDS
Hepatotoxicity, Silibinin, Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity, Milk Thistle

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Sonali Phule , Aishwarya Jadhav , Vasant Lokhande , "Uncovering Silibinin's Protective Effects on the Liver: A Concise Review," Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 355 - 367, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130307.

(b). APA Format:
Sonali Phule , Aishwarya Jadhav , Vasant Lokhande (2025). Uncovering Silibinin's Protective Effects on the Liver: A Concise Review. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 13(3), 355 - 367. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130307.