1. Cao W, Chen HD, Yu YW, Li N, Chen WQ. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021; 134:783-91. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001474.

2. Bashar MDA, Begam N. Breast cancer surpasses lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Indian J Cancer 2022;59:438-9. Doi: 10.4103/ijc.IJC_83_21.

3. Morgan E, Arnold M, Gini A, et al. Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut 2023;72:338-44. Doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327736.

4. Adebayo AS, Agbaje K, Adesina SK, Olajubutu O. Colorectal cancer: disease process, current treatment options, and future perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023;15:2620. Doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620

5. Nathan CA, Khandelwal AR, Wolf GT, et al. TP53 mutations in head and neck cancer. Mol Carcinog 2022;61:385-91. Doi: 10.1002/mc.23385.

6. Aitchison A, Hakkaart C, Whitehead M, et al. CDH1 gene mutation in early-onset, colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152912. Doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152912.

7. Parsons R. Discovery of the PTEN tumor suppressor and its connection to the PI3K and AKT oncogenes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020;10:a036129. Doi: 10.1101/cshperspect. a036129.

8. Rashidi I, Kaveh P, Kianizade F, et al. Comparison of benign and malignant breast disease-risk factors and frequencies in samples referred to pathology laboratory of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences from 2006 to 2017. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res 2019;9:6-12. DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2019.9.4. L6-12.

9. Singh PG, Basalingappa KM, Gopenath T, Navya Raj MP, Prathibha Rajashekara S, Sushma BV. Awareness of breast cancer and current perspectives: an overview. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2021;12:b54-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120602.

10. Boutas I, Potiris A, Makrakis E, Messaropoulos P, Papaioannou GK, Kalantaridou SN. The expression of Galectin-3 in breast cancer and its association with metastatic disease: a systematic review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 2021;48: 807-15. Doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-06122-x.

11. Hara A, Niwa M, Noguchi K, et al. Galectin-3 as a next-generation biomarker for detecting early stage of various diseases. Biomolecules 2020;10:389. Doi: 10.3390/biom10030389.

12. Di Gregoli K, Somerville M, Bianco R, et al. Galectin-3 identifies a subset of macrophages with a potential beneficial role in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020;40:1491-509. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314252.

13. Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of galectin-3 targeting drugs for therapeutic applications in various diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:8116. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098116.

14. Wang SF, Hung YH, Tsao CH, et al. Galectin-3 facilitates cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission by altering the composition of membrane lipid rafts in CD4 T cells. Glycobiology 2022;32:760-77. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac040.

15. Capone E, Iacobelli S, Sala G. Role of galectin 3 binding protein in cancer progression: a potential novel therapeutic target. J Transl Med 2021;19: 405. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03085-w.

16. Miller MC, Zheng Y, Suylen D, et al. Targeting the CRD F‐face of human galectin‐3 and allosterically modulating glycan binding by angiostatic PTX008 and a structurally optimized derivative. Chem Med Chem 2021;16:713-23. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000742.

17. Ernur D. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative serum galectin-3 levels in patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2024;18:22. DOI: 10.14744/ejma.2024.69077.

18. Guo Y, Shen R, Yu L, et al. Roles of galectin 3 in the tumor microenvironment and tumor metabolism. Oncol Rep 2020;44:1799-809. DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7777.

19. Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HHW, Ho JE, Liu FT, de Boer RA. Galectin-3 activation and inhibition in heart failure and cardiovascular disease: an update. Theranostics 2018;8:593-609. doi: 10.7150/thno.22196.

20. Setayesh T, Colquhoun SD, Wan YJ. Overexpression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Res 2020;4:173-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.11.001.

21. Pang Y. Investigating galectin-3-ligand interaction on cancer cell behaviours [dissertation]. Liverpool (UK): University of Liverpool; 2024.

22. Sasaki T, Oyama M, Kubota M, et al. Galectin-2 agglutinates Helicobacter pylori via lipopolysaccharide containing H type I under weakly acidic conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25: 8725. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168725.

23. Wu SC, Ho AD, Kamili NA, et al.. Full-length galectin-3 is required for high affinity microbial interactions and antimicrobial activity. Front Microbiol 2021;12:731026. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb. 2021.731026.

24. Goud NS, Bhattacharya A. Human galectin-1 in multiple cancers: a privileged molecular target in oncology. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021;21:2169-86. DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210217093815.

25. Kim SJ, Chun KH. Non-classical role of Galectin-3 in cancer progression: translocation to nucleus by carbohydrate-recognition independent manner. BMB Reports 2020;53:173. DOI: 10.5483/ BMBRep.2020.53.4.020.

26. Li L, Wang J, Li Z, et al. Diagnostic value of serum lncRNA HOTAIR combined with Galectin-3 in benign and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021;19:6517-25. DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S312784.

27. Pokharel S, Sharma UC, Attwood K, Mansoor S. Clinical significance of galectin-3 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of lung. J Cancer Sci Clin Ther 2022;6:322-7. DOI: 10.26502/jcsct. 5079169.

28. Chang JW, Seo ST, Im MA, et al. Claudin-1 mediates progression by regulating EMT through AMPK/TGF-β signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Res 2022;247: 58-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.04.003.

29. Srejovic IM, Lukic ML. Galectin-3 in T cell-mediated immunopathology and autoimmunity. Immunol Lett 2021;233:57-67. DOI: 10.1016/ j.imlet.2021.03.009.

30. Berbís MÁ, André S, Cañada FJ, et al. Peptides derived from human galectin-3 N-terminal tail interact with its carbohydrate recognition domain in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014;443:126-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.063.

31. Dimitrijevic SM, Stojanovic B, Radosavljevic I, et al. Galectin-3's complex interactions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: from cellular signaling to therapeutic potential. Biomolecules 2023;13:1500. DOI; 10.3390/biom13101500.

32. Setayesh T, Colquhoun SD, Wan YJ. Overexpression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Res 2020;4:173-9. DOI; 10.1016/j.livres.2020.11.001.

33. Wan Y, Adair K, Herrmann A, et al. C1GalT1 expression reciprocally controls tumour cell-cell and tumour-macrophage interactions mediated by galectin-3 and MGL, doubly impacting cancer development and progression. Cell Death Dis 2023;14:547. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06082-7.

34. Thijssen VL. Galectins in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis: the basics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1386. DOI; 10.3390/biom11091386.

35. Hoffmann M, Hayes MR, Pietruszka J, Elling L. Synthesis of the Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen (TF-antigen) and binding of Galectin-3 to TF-antigen presenting neo-glycoproteins. Glycoconj J 2020;37:457-70. DOI; 10.1007/s10719-020-09926-y.

36. Grazier JJ, Sylvester PW. Role of galectins in metastatic breast cancer. Exon Publications 2022;6:115-30. DOI; https://doi.org/10.36255/ exon-publications- breast-cancer-galectins.

37. Abourehab MA, Baisakhiya S, Aggarwal A, et al. Chondroitin sulfate-based composites: a tour d'horizon of their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022;10:9125-78. DOI; 10.1039/D2TB01514E.

38. Moure MJ, Gimeno A, Delgado S, et al. Selective 13C‐labels on repeating glycan oligomers to reveal protein binding epitopes through NMR: polylactosamine binding to galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Eng 2021;60:18777-82. DOI; 10.1002/anie.202106056.

39. Vicente MM, Alves I, Fernandes Â, et al. Mannosylated glycans impair normal T-cell development by reprogramming commitment and repertoire diversity. Cell Mol Immunol 2023;20: 955-68. DOI; 10.1038/s41423-023-01052-7.

40. Sendid B, Lecointe K, Collot M, et al. Dissection of the anti-Candida albicans mannan immune response using synthetic oligomannosides reveals unique properties of β-1,2 mannotriose protective epitopes. Sci Rep 2021;11:10825. DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-021-90402-4.

41. Ghanbari-Movahed M, Kaceli T, Mondal A, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Recent advances in improved anticancer efficacies of camptothecin nano-formulations: A systematic review. Biomedicines 2021;9:480. DOI: 10.3390/ biomedicines9050480.

42. Ballari MS, Porta EO, Zalazar EA, et al. Lipophilic modification of Salirasib modulates the antiproliferative and antimigratory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 20237;92:117417. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-gkff1-v2.

43. Pang KL, Foong LC, Abd Ghafar N, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of the anticancer effects of annatto tocotrienol, delta-tocotrienol and gamma-tocotrienol on chondrosarcoma cells. Nutrients 2022;14:4277. DOI; 10.3390/ nu14204277.

44. Aldabaan N, Sultana TA, Sylvester PW. γ-Tocotrienol inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) expression and activation in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MBA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells is associated with a reduction in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Supplement):711. DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2022-711.

45. Funkhouser AT, Strigenz AM, Blair BB. KIT mutations correlate with higher galectin levels and brain metastasis in breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14:2781. doi: 10.3390/cancers14112781.

46. Iwamoto S, Mori Y, Yamashita T, et al. Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 phosphorylation triggered by binding of galectin-3 drives metastasis through down-regulation of E-cadherin. J Biol Chem 2023;299:104971. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104971.

47. Chen Z, Dong D, Zhu Y, Pang N, Ding J. The role of Tim‐3/Galectin‐9 pathway in T‐cell function and prognosis of patients with human papilloma virus‐associated cervical carcinoma. FASEB J 2021;35:e21401. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000528RR.

48. Vrbata D, Filipová M, Tavares MR, et al. Glycopolymers decorated with 3-O-substituted thiodigalactosides as potent multivalent inhibitors of galectin-3. J Med Chem 2022;65:3866-78. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01625.

49. Mechahougui H, Gutmans J, Colarusso G, Gouasmi R, Friedlaender A. Advances in personalized oncology. Cancers 2024;16:2862. DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162862.

50. Markalunas EG, Arnold DH, Funkhouser AT, et al. Correlation analysis of genetic mutations and galectin levels in breast cancer patients. Genes 2024;15:818. DOI: 10.3390/genes15060818.