Zheng L, Wu X-H, Lin H-T. The effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017;10:1734–41.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Maanen A, Meijer AM, van der Heijden KB, Oort FJ. The effects of light therapy on sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;29:52–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quera Salva MA, Hartley S, Léger D, Dauvilliers YA. Non-24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder in the totally blind: diagnosis and management. Front Neurol. 2017;8:686.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee SSY, Nilagiri VK, Mackey DA. Sleep and eye disease: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;50:334–44.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nagarajan N, Assi L, Varadaraj V, Motaghi M, Sun Y, Couser E, et al. Vision impairment and cognitive decline among older adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e047929.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scullin MK, Bliwise DL. Sleep, cognition, and normal aging: integrating a half-century of multidisciplinary research. Perspect Psychol Sci J Assoc Psychol Sci. 2015;10:97–137.

Article  Google Scholar 

An Y, Joo C-K. The U-shaped association between self-reported sleep duration and visual impairment in Korean adults: a population-based study. Sleep Med. 2016;26:30–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramos AR, Wallace DM, Williams NJ, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Zizi F, et al. Association between visual impairment and sleep duration: analysis of the 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:115.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N. Association between visual impairment and low vision and sleep duration and quality among older adults in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:811.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tamura N, Sasai -Sakuma Taeko, Morita Y, Okawa M, Inoue S, Inoue YA. Nationwide cross-sectional survey of sleep-related problems in Japanese visually impaired patients: prevalence and association with health-related quality of life. J Clin Sleep Med. 12:1659-67.

Sia JT, Lee EPX, Cheung CMG, Fenwick EK, Laude A, Ho KC, et al. Associations between age-related macular degeneration and sleep dysfunction: a systematic review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;50:1025–37.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu M, Liu X, Han J, Shao T, Wang Y. Association between sleep quality, mood status, and ocular surface characteristics in patients with dry eye disease. Cornea. 2019;38:311.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mentek M, Aptel F, Godin-Ribuot D, Tamisier R, Pepin J-L, Chiquet C. Diseases of the retina and the optic nerve associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:113–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freedman VA, Schrack JA, Skehan ME National Health and Aging Trends Study User Guide: Rounds 1-12 Beta Release. 2023. Available at: https://www.nhats.org/researcher/nhats/methods-documentation?id=user_guide [Accessed November 25, 2023].

Freedman VA, Kasper JD. Cohort profile: the national health and aging trends study (NHATS). Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48:1044–1045g.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Freedman VA, Schrack JA, Skehan ME, Kasper JD NHATS User Guide: Rounds 1-11 Final Release.

Anon. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. Available at: https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#1103667651 [Accessed February 1, 2025].

Varadaraj V, Munoz B, Simonsick EM, Swenor BK. Vision impairment and participation in cognitively stimulating activities: the health ABC study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;76:835–41.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Horowitz A. The prevalence and consequences of vision impairment in later life. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2004;20:185.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wong R, Lovier MA. Sleep disturbances and dementia risk in older adults: findings from 10 years of National U.S. prospective data. Am J Prev Med. 2023;64:781–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spira AP, Kaufmann CN, Kasper JD, Ohayon MM, Rebok GW, Skidmore E, et al. Association between insomnia symptoms and functional status in U.S. older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69:S35.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Löwe B, Wahl I, Rose M, Spitzer C, Glaesmer H, Wingenfeld K, et al. A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2010;122:86–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Löwe B, Kroenke K, Gräfe K. Detecting and monitoring depression with a two-item questionnaire (PHQ-2). J Psychosom Res. 2005;58:163–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Plummer F, Manea L, Trepel D, McMillan D. Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2016;39:24–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasper JD, Freedman VA, Spillman BC. Classification of Persons by Dementia Status in the National Health and Aging Trends Study. 2013.

Jiao R, Freedman VA, Schrack J. NHATS Development of Round 11 Accelerometry Weights.

Asplund R. Sleep, health and visual impairment in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2000;30:7–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schroeck JL, Ford J, Conway EL, Kurtzhalts KE, Gee ME, Vollmer KA, et al. Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clin Ther. 2016;38:2340–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71:2052–812023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ehrlich JR, Hassan SE, Stagg BC. Prevalence of falls and fall-related outcomes in older adults with self-reported vision impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:239–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, Costafreda SG, Selbæk G, Alladi S, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet. 2024;404:572–628.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miyata S, Noda A, Iwamoto K, Kawano N, Okuda M, Ozaki N. Poor sleep quality impairs cognitive performance in older adults. J Sleep Res. 2013;22:535–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Twardzik E, Schrack JA, Freedman VA, Reed NS, Ehrlich JR, Martinez-Amezcua P. An incomplete model of disability: discrepancies between performance-based and self-reported measures of functioning. J Gerontol Ser A. 2024;79:glad271.

Article  Google Scholar 

Onen SH, Mouriaux F, Berramdane L, Dascotte J-C, Kulik J-F, Rouland J-F. High prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000;78:638–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jee D, Keum N, Kang S, Arroyo JG. Sleep and diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 2017;95:41–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Um YH, Kim T-W, Jeong J-H, Hong S-C, Seo H-J, Han K-D. Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Insomnia Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Front. Endocrinol. 2022; 13. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.939251/full [Accessed September 16, 2024].

Filip I, Tidman M, Saheba N, Bennett H, Wick B, Rouse N, et al. Public health burden of sleep disorders: underreported problem. J Public Health. 2017;25:243–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shi Y, Liu P, Guan J, Lu Y, Su K. Association between glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0115625.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar