International Urogynecological Consultation Chapter 2.2: Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Haylen BT, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Cosson M, Davila GW, Deprest J, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related directly to the insertion of prostheses (meshes, implants, tapes) and grafts in female pelvic floor surgery. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30(1):2–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.21036.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collins SA, O’Shea M, Dykes N, Ramm O, Edenfield A, Shek KL, et al. International Urogynecological Consultation: clinical definition of pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(8):2011–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04875-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grob ATM, Olde Heuvel J, Futterer JJ, Massop D, Veenstra van Nieuwenhoven AL, Simonis FFJ, et al. Underestimation of pelvic organ prolapse in the supine straining position, based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(11):1939–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-018-03862-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lone F, Sultan AH, Stankiewicz A, Thakar R. The value of pre-operative multicompartment pelvic floor ultrasonography: a 1-year prospective study. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1040):20140145. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20140145.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Friedman B, Stothers L, Lazare D, Macnab A. Positional pelvic organ prolapse (POP) evaluation using open, weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Can Urol Assoc J. 2015;9(5–6):197–200. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2767.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barakat B, Afzal A, Schweda D, Laali A. Comparison of magnetic resonance defecography with pelvic floor ultrasound and vaginal inspection in the urogynecological diagnosis of pelvic floor dysfunction. Urology Ann. 2020;12(2):150–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/UA.UA_78_19.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dietz HP, Lekskulchai O. Ultrasound assessment of pelvic organ prolapse: the relationship between prolapse severity and symptoms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29(6):688–91.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dietz HP, Kamisan Atan I, Salita A. Association between ICS POP-Q coordinates and translabial ultrasound findings: implications for definition of “normal pelvic organ support.” Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(3):363–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14872.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chantarasorn V, Dietz HP. Diagnosis of cystocele type by clinical examination and pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(6):710–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.10156.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ginath S, Garely A, Luchs JS, Shahryarinejad A, Olivera C, Zhou S, et al. MRI pelvic landmark angles in the assessment of apical pelvic organ prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284(2):365–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-010-1648-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dietz HP, Haylen BT, Broome J. Ultrasound in the quantification of female pelvic organ prolapse. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18(5):511–4.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braverman M, Kamisan Atan I, Turel F, Friedman T, Dietz HP. Does patient posture affect the ultrasound evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse? J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38(1):233–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14688.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Altman D, Lopez A, Kierkegaard J, Zetterstrom J, Falconer C, Pollack J, et al. Assessment of posterior vaginal wall prolapse: comparison of physical findings to cystodefecoperitoneography. Int Urogynecol J. 2005;16(2):96–103.

Google Scholar 

Etlik O, Arslan H, Odabasi O, Odabasi H, Harman M, Celebi H, et al. The role of the MR-fluoroscopy in the diagnosis and staging of the pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Radiol. 2005;53(1):136–41.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Volloyhaug I, Rojas RG, Morkved S, Salvesen KA. Comparison of transperineal ultrasound with POP-Q for assessing symptoms of prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(4):595–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-018-3722-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta S, Sharma JB, Hari S, Kumar S, Roy KK, Singh N. Study of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;286(4):953–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2381-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Broekhuis SR, Kluivers KB, Hendriks JC, Futterer JJ, Barentsz JO, Vierhout ME. POP-Q, dynamic MR imaging, and perineal ultrasonography: do they agree in the quantification of female pelvic organ prolapse? Int Urogynecol J. 2009;20(5):541–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0821-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lin FC, Funk JT, Tiwari HA, Kalb BT, Twiss CO. Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse compared to physical examination findings. Urology. 2018;119:49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2018.05.031.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Gruting IMA, Kluivers K, Sultan AH, De Bin R, Stankiewicz A, Blake H, et al. Does 4D transperineal ultrasound have additional value over 2D transperineal ultrasound for diagnosing posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defecation syndrome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;52(6):784–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.19105.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martellucci J, Naldini G. Clinical relevance of transperineal ultrasound compared with evacuation proctography for the evaluation of patients with obstructed defaecation. Colorectal Dis. 2011;13(10):1167–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02427.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Altman D, Mellgren A, Kierkegaard J, Zetterstrom J, Falconer C, Lopez A. Diagnosis of cystocele–the correlation between clinical and radiological evaluation. Int Urogynecol J. 2004;15(1):3–9.

Google Scholar 

Groenendijk AG, van der Hulst VP, Birnie E, Bonsel GJ. Correlation between posterior vaginal wall defects assessed by clinical examination and by defecography. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19(9):1291–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-008-0632-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Finco C, Savastano S, Luongo B, Sarzo G, Vecchiato M, Gasparini G, et al. Colpocystodefecography in obstructed defecation: is it really useful to the surgeon? Correlating clinical and radiological findings in surgery for obstructed defecation. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10(5):446–52.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pannu HK, Genadry R, Kaufman HS, Fishman EK. Computed tomography evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse. Techniques and applications. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003;27(5):779–85.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brubaker L, Retzky S, Smith C, Saclarides T. Pelvic floor evaluation with dynamic fluoroscopy. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82(5):863–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agildere AM, Tarhan NC, Ergeneli MH, Yologlu Z, Kurt A, Akgun S, et al. MR rectography evaluation of rectoceles with oral gadopentetate dimeglumine and polyethylene glycol solution. Abdom Imaging. 2003;28(1):28–35.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Attenberger UI, Morelli JN, Budjan J, Herold A, Kienle P, Kleine W, et al. The value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in interdisciplinary treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Abdom Imaging. 2015;40(7):2242–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0476-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delaney S, Fernandez P, N’Guyen A, Salomon L, Carbonne B, Laissy JP, et al. Effect of a speculum blade on dynamic MRI evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(7):831–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016340902883166.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdulaziz M, Kavanagh A, Stothers L, Macnab AJ. Relevance of open magnetic resonance imaging position (sitting and standing) to quantify pelvic organ prolapse in women. Can Urol Assoc J. 2018;12(11):E453–60. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.5186.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tumbarello JA, Hsu Y, Lewicky-Gaupp C, Rohrer S, DeLancey JO. Do repetitive Valsalva maneuvers change maximum prolapse on dynamic MRI? Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(10):1247–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-010-1178-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pannu HK, Scatarige JC, Eng J. MRI diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse compared with clinical examination. Acad Radiol. 2011;18(10):1245–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.05.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lammers K, Futterer JJ, Inthout J, Prokop M, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB. Correlating signs and symptoms with pubovisceral muscle avulsions on magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(2):148.e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.006.

Article  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif