Arnett J. Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. The American Psychologist. 2000; 55(5): 469–480. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Cox M, Urban JB, Lich KH, et al. A multi-stakeholder perspective on factors affecting successful transition to adulthood for youth with severe emotional disturbances. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 2023; 40(4): 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-022-00898-6. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Eyre O, Thapar A. Common adolescent mental disorders: transition to adulthood. The Lancet. 2014; 383(9926): 1366–1368. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62633-1. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2021). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP21–07–01–003, NSDUH Series H-56). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Davis M, Koroloff N. The great divide: How mental health policy fails young adults. In Research on community-based mental health services for children and adolescents. (pp. 53–74). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0812(06)14004-0. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Matud MP, Díaz A, Bethencourt JM, et al. Stress and psychological distress in emerging adulthood: A gender analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9): 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092859. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Hendrickx G, De Roeck V, Russet F, et al. Transition as a topic in psychiatry training throughout Europe: trainees’ perspectives. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2020; 29: 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01309-5. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
McGrandles A, McMahon K. Transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services. British Journal of Nursing. 2012; 21(17): 1031–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12073. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Tall J, Biel M. The effects of social determinants of health on child and family mental health: implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2023; 25(9): 387–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-023-01436-6. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Howard AL, Galambos NL, Krahn HJ. Paths to success in young adulthood from mental health and life transitions in emerging adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2010; 34(6): 538–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025410365803. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Schulenberg J, Schoon I. The transition to adulthood across time and space: Overview of special section. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 2012; 3(2): 164. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v3i2.194. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Blas H. How corona has disrupted the lives of young adults with disabilities, who thrive on routine. Jewish News Syndicate. 2020; Available online at https://www.jns.org/how-the-coronavirus-has-disrupted-the-lives-of-jewish-young-adults-with-disabilities-who-thrive-on-routine/. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Quinlan-Davidson M, Shan D, Courtney D, et al. Associations over the COVID-19 pandemic period and the mental health and substance use of youth not in employment, education or training in Ontario, Canada: a longitudinal, cohort study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2023; 17(1): 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00653-4. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Liu CH, Zhang E, Wong GT, et al. Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for US young adult mental health. Psychiatry Research. 2020; 290: 113172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Stroud I, Gutman LM. Longitudinal changes in the mental health of UK young male and female adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research. 2021; 303: 114074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114074. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lee CM, Cadigan JM, Rhew IC. Increases in loneliness among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and association with increases in mental health problems. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020; 67(5): 714–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.009. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Beames JR, Li SH, Newby JM, et al. The upside: coping and psychological resilience in Australian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2021; 15(1): 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00432-z. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, et al. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2020; 14: 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Smyth E, Nolan A. Disrupted transitions? Young adults and the COVID-19 pandemic. #142 Research Series; Dublin, Ireland: The Economic and Social Research Institute, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26504/rs142. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Hall SS, Zygmunt E. Dislocated college students and the pandemic: Back home under extraordinary circumstances. Family Relations. 2021; 70(3): 689–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12544. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Kajta J, Pustulka P, Radzińska J. Young people and housing transitions during COVID-19: navigating co-residence with parents and housing autonomy. Housing Studies. 2022; 38(1): 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2022.2135171. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Hoyle RH, Davisson EK. Associations between COVID‐19‐related disruptions and psychological adjustment in a sample of young adults. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2023; 17(7): e12750. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12750. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Dotson MP, Castro EM, Magid NT, et al. “Emotional distancing”: Change and strain in US young adult college students’ relationships during COVID-19. Emerging Adulthood. 2022; 10(2): 546–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968211065531. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
American Psychiatric Association DS. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://doi/book/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Soper DS. A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models [Software]. 2021 2021 Mar 24. Available online at https://www. danielsoper. com/statcalc. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001; 16(9): 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Sun Y, Kong Z, Song Y, et al. The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 on screening of depression in neurology: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022; 22(1): 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03661-w. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. Canadian Mental Health Association Journal. 2012; 184(3): E191–6. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.110829. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006; 166(10): 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Dhira TA, Rahman MA, Sarker AR, et al. Validity and reliability of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh. PloS One. 2021; 16(12): e0261590. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261590. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Mossman SA, Mills JA, Walkup JT, et al. The impact of failed antidepressant trials on outcomes in children and adolescents with anxiety and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2021; 31(4): 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2020.0195. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lang AJ, Stein MB. An abbreviated PTSD checklist for use as a screening instrument in primary care. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2005; 43(5): 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.005. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lang AJ, Wilkins K, Roy-Byrne PP, et al. Abbreviated PTSD Checklist (PCL) as a guide to clinical response. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2012; 34(4): 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.02.003. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Han B, Wong EC, Mao Z, et al. Validation of a brief PTSD screener for underserved patients in federally qualified health centers. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2016; 38: 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.07.009. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Cullati S, Bochatay N, Rossier C, et al., Does the single-item self-rated health measure the same thing across different wordings? Construct validity study. Quality of Life Research. 2020;29:2593-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02533-2. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Cook JA, Jonikas JA, Mullen M, et al. Young Adult Disrupted Transitions Assessment. Chicago, IL: Center on Mental Health Services Research and Policy, 2021.
Dillon CO. Navigating disrupted transitions from adolescence to adulthood: Cumulative adversity, social capital, and psychosocial outcomes. Boston: University of Massachusetts, 2003. Available online at https://www.proquest.com/docview/288358002?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Kiernan KE. The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life. Population Studies. 1992; 46(2): 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000146206. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Ravanera ZR, Rajulton F, Burch TK. Early life transitions of Canadian youth: Effects of family transformation and community characteristics. Canadian Studies in Population. 2003; Dec 31: 327–53. https://doi.org/10.25336/P6HS43. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Janssen T, McGuire AB, López-Castro T, et al. The Epidemic–Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII): A multisample study examining pandemic-related experiences and their relation to mental health. Psychological Assessment. 2023; 35(11): 1019. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001248. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Harding S, Read UM, Molaodi OR, et al. The determinants of young adult social well-being and health (DASH) study: diversity, psychosocial determinants and health. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2015; 50: 1173-1188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1047-9, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9826): 1641–1652 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60149-4. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Jones SE. Mental health, suicidality, and connectedness among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic—Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January–June 2021. MMWR Supplements. 2022; 71. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su7103a3, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Yin O, Parikka N, Ma A, et al. Persistent anxiety among high school students: Survey results from the second year of the COVID pandemic. PLoS One. 2022; 17(9): e0275292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275292, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Halliburton AE, Hill MB, Dawson BL, et al. Increased stress, declining mental health: Emerging adults’ experiences in college during COVID-19. Emerging Adulthood. 2021; 9(5): 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968211025348, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lipson SK, Zhou S, Abelson S, et al. Trends in college student mental health and help-seeking by race/ethnicity: Findings from the national healthy minds study, 2013–2021. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022; 306: 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.038. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Macias RL, Nava N, Delgadillo D, et al. Finding voice in a year of collective trauma: Case study of an online photovoice project with youth. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2023; 71(1–2): 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12630. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Holt-Lunstad J. Social connection as a public health issue: the evidence and a systemic framework for prioritizing the “social” in social determinants of health. Annual Review of Public Health. 2022; 43(1): 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Sapiro B, Ward A. Marginalized youth, mental health, and connection with others: A review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 2020; 37(4): 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-019-00628-5. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Hards E, Loades ME, Higson‐Sweeney N, et al. Loneliness and mental health in children and adolescents with pre‐existing mental health problems: A rapid systematic review. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2022; 61(2): 313–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12331, Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Kaess M, Moessner M, Koenig J, et al. Editorial Perspective: A plea for the sustained implementation of digital interventions for young people with mental health problems in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2021; 62(7): 916–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13317. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Rashid S, Fayez O, Ismail H, et al. Digital social support for undergraduate students during COVID-19: Pivotal support for the digital transformation. Journal of Public Health Research. 2021; 10(4): jphr-2021. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2148. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Rauschenberg C, Schick A, Goetzl C, et al. Social isolation, mental health, and use of digital interventions in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally representative survey. European Psychiatry. 2021; 64(1): e20. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.17. Accessed 11 November, 2024. ***
Thomas EC, Snethen G, O’Shea A, et al. An examination of the community participation interests of young adults with serious mental illnesses. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2020; 47: 526-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-019-09678-0. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Babajide A, Ortin A, Wei C, et al. Transition cliffs for young adults with anxiety and depression: is integrated mental health care a solution?. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2020; 47(2): 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-019-09670-8. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Adams SH, Schaub JP, Nagata JM, et al. Young adult anxiety or depressive symptoms and mental health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2022; 70(6): 985–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.02.023. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Markoulakis R, Da Silva A, Kodeeswaran S, et al. Youth mental health and/or addiction concerns and service needs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative exploration of caregiver experiences and perspectives. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2022; 16(1): 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00471-0. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Munson MR, Jaccard J, Scott Jr LD, et al. Outcomes of a metaintervention to improve treatment engagement among young adults with serious mental illnesses: Application of a pilot randomized explanatory design. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2021; 69(5): 790–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.04.023. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Davis L, Biebel K, Ellison ML, et al. Improving the outcomes of transition age youth with psychiatric disabilities through the adoption and use of best practice transition planning. Boston, MA: University of Massachusetts Medical School, 2015. Available online at https://doi.org/10.7191/pib.1097. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Gilmer TP, Ojeda VD, Leich J, et al. Assessing needs for mental health and other services among transition-age youths, parents, and providers. Psychiatric Services. 2012; 63(4): 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201000545. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Munson MR, Lox JA. Clinical social work practice with former system youth with mental health needs: Perspective of those in need. Clinical Social Work Journal. 2012; 40: 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0381-6. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lei L, South SJ. Who returned home? The COVID-19 pandemic and young adults’ residential transitions. Advances in Life Course Research. 2023; 58: 100582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100582. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Weber DM, Wojda AK, Carrino EA, et al. Love in the time of COVID‐19: A brief report on relationship and individual functioning among committed couples in the United States while under shelter‐in‐place orders. Family Process. 2021; 60(4): 1381–1388. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12700. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Banks DE, Clifton RL, Wheeler PB. Racial identity, discrimination, and polysubstance use: Examining culturally relevant correlates of substance use profiles among Black young adults. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2021; 35(2): 224. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000690. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Eboigbe LI, Simon CB, Wang YS, et al. The compounded effect of the dual pandemic on ethnic-racial minority adolescents' mental health and psychosocial well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology. 2023; 52: 101626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101626. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Cheah CS, Zong X, Cho HS, et al. Chinese American adolescents’ experiences of COVID-19 racial discrimination: Risk and protective factors for internalizing difficulties. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2021; 27(4): 559. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000498. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Burke-Miller, J. K., Razzano, L. A., Grey, D. D., Blyler, C. R., & Cook, J.A. (2012). Best practice supported employment outcomes for transition age youth and young adults. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 35(3), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.2975/35.3.2012.171.179
Zong X, Cheah CS, Ren H. Chinese american adolescents’ experiences of covid‐19‐related racial discrimination and anxiety: Person‐centered and intersectional approaches. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2022; 32(2): 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12696. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Munson MR, Jaccard J, Moore KL, et al. Impact of a brief intervention to improve engagement in a recovery program for young adults with serious mental illness. Schizophrenia Research. 2022; 250: 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.008. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Alessi EJ, Cheung SP, Sarna V, et al. Experiences of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related stress among sexual and gender minority emerging adult migrants in the United States. Stress and Health. 2023; 39(2): 414–428. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3198. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Klodnick VV, Samuels GM. Building home on a fault line: aging out of child welfare with a serious mental health diagnosis. Child & Family Social Work. 2020; 25(3): 704–713. Accessed 11 November, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12747. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Suresh R, Karkossa Z, Richard J, et al. Program evaluation of a student-led peer support service at a Canadian university. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2021; 15(1): 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00479-7. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Ali K, Farrer L, Gulliver A, et al. Online peer-to-peer support for young people with mental health problems: a systematic review. JMIR Mental Health. 2015; 2(2): e4418. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.4418. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Lynch L, Moorhead A, Long M, et al. “I felt like there was something wrong in my brain”: Growing up with trauma–how young people Conceptualise, self-manage and seek help for mental health problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 2024; Sep 9: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00650-5. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Richard J, Rebinsky R, Suresh R, et al. Scoping review to evaluate the effects of peer support on the mental health of young adults. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(8): e061336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061336. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Dimitropoulos G, Morgan-Maver E, Allemang B, et al. Health care stakeholder perspectives regarding the role of a patient navigator during transition to adult care. BMC Health Services Research. 2019; 19: 390. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4227-6. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Burke-Miller JK, Razzano LA, Grey DD, et al. Best practice supported employment outcomes for transition age youth and young adults. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2012; 35(3): 171–179. https://doi.org/10.2975/35.3.2012.171.179. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Klodnick VV, Malina C, Fagan MA, Meeting the developmental needs of young adults diagnosed with serious mental health challenges: The emerge model. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2021; 48: 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09699-0. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Sabella K, Jonikas JA, Aranda F, et al. Pandemic-related disrupted transitions among young adults with mental illness. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Youth Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 30, 2022. Available online at https://iaymh2022.com/ p-content/uploads/2023/02/Abstract-Book_IAYMH-2022.pdf. Accessed 11 November, 2024.
Comments (0)