Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke DS, et al. A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with acute spinal cord injury: recommendations on the type and timing of rehabilitation. Glob Spine J. 2017;7(3 Suppl):231S-238S.
Ditunno P, Patrick M, Stineman M, Ditunno J. Who wants to walk? Preferences for recovery after SCI: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3102172.
La Rosa G, Avola M, Di Gregorio T, Calabrò RS, Onesta MP. Gait recovery in spinal cord injury: a systematic review with metanalysis involving new rehabilitative technologies. Brain Sci. 2023;13(5):703.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Harvey LA, Glinsky JV, Bowden JL. The effectiveness of 22 commonly administered physiotherapy interventions for people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2016;54(11):914–23.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Takakusaki K. Neurophysiology of gait: from the spinal cord to the frontal lobe. Mov Disord. 2013;28(11):1483–91.
Eng JJ, Teasell R, Miller WC, Wolfe DL, Townson AF, Aubut JA, et al. Spinal cord injury rehabilitation evidence: methods of the SCIRE systematic review. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2007;13(1):1–10.
Yang FA, Chen SC, Chiu JF, Shih YC, Liou TH, Escorpizo R, et al. Body weight-supported gait training for patients with spinal cord injury: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):19262.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Wardhana DPW, Maliawan S, Mahadewa TGB, Rosyidi RM, Wiranata S. The impact of machine learning and robot-assisted gait training on spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(23):7230.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Stampacchia G, Gazzotti V, Olivieri M, Andrenelli E, Bonaiuti D, Calabro RS, et al. Gait robot-assisted rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injury: a scoping review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2022;51(4):609–47.
Thomaz SR, Cipriano G, Formiga MF, Fachin-Martins E, Cipriano GFB, Martins WR, et al. Effect of electrical stimulation on muscle atrophy and spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury—a systematic review with meta-analysis. Spinal Cord. 2019;57(4):258–66.
Morawietz C, Moffat F. Effects of locomotor training after incomplete spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(11):2297–308.
Duffell LD, Brown GL, Mirbagheri MM. Interventions to reduce spasticity and improve function in people with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: distinctions revealed by different analytical methods. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29(6):566–76.
Veldema J. Non-invasive brain stimulation for improving gait, balance, and lower limbs motor function in stroke. J NeuroEng Rehabil. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01062-y.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen JM, Li XL, Pan QH, Yang Y, Xu SM, Xu JW. Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on motor function after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J NeuroEng Rehabil. 2023;20(1):3.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Megía García A, Serrano-Muñoz D, Taylor J, Avendaño-Coy J, Gómez-Soriano J. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation and motor rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2020;34(1):3–12.
Taylor C, McHugh C, Mockler D, Minogue C, Reilly RB, Fleming N. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation and motor responses in individuals with spinal cord injury: a methodological review. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(11): e0260166.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Gunduz A, Rothwell J, Vidal J, Kumru H. Non-invasive brain stimulation to promote motor and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 2017;12(12):1933.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;125(11):2150–206.
Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an IFCN Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126(6):1071–107.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014–2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(2):474–528.
Nitsche MA, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol. 2000;527(3):633–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Lang N, Siebner HR, Ward NS, Lee L, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, et al. How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain? Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22(2):495–504.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lang N, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, Rothwell JC, Lemon RN. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the human motor cortex on corticospinal and transcallosal excitability. Exp Brain Res. 2004;156(4):439–43.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Cogiamanian F, Vergari M, Pulecchi F, Marceglia S, Priori A. Effect of spinal transcutaneous direct current stimulation on somatosensory evoked potentials in humans. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;119(11):2636–40.
Priori A, Ciocca M, Parazzini M, Vergari M, Ferrucci R. Transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation and transcutaneous spinal cord direct current stimulation as innovative tools for neuroscientists. J Physiol. 2014;592(16):3345–69.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Guidetti M, Ferrucci R, Vergari M, Aglieco G, Naci A, Versace S, et al. Effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in patients with chronic pain: a clinical and neurophysiological study. Front Neurol. 2021;6(12): 695910.
Bocci T, Marceglia S, Vergari M, Cognetto V, Sartucci F, Priori A. Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation modulates human corticospinal system excitability. J Neurophysiol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00490.2014.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bocci T, Vannini B, Torzini A, Mazzatenta A, Vergari M, Cogiamanian F, et al. Cathodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) improves motor unit recruitment in healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett. 2014;22(578):75–9.
Kumru H, Flores Á, Rodríguez Cañón M, Soriano I, García L, Vidal SJ. Estimulación no invasiva cerebral y medular para la recuperación motora y funcional tras una lesión medular. Rev Neurol. 2020;70(12):461.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
de Lima FF, Silva CR, Kohn AF. Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) does not affect postural sway of young and healthy subjects during quiet upright standing. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(4): e0267718.
Rath M, Vette AH, Ramasubramaniam S, Li K, Burdick J, Edgerton VR, et al. Trunk stability enabled by noninvasive spinal electrical stimulation after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(21):2540–53.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gad P, Gerasimenko Y, Zdunowski S, Turner A, Sayenko D, Lu DC, et al. Weight bearing over-ground stepping in an exoskeleton with non-invasive spinal cord neuromodulation after motor complete paraplegia. Front Neurosci. 2017;8(11):333.
Comments (0)