Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

Tokiyoshi Tanegashima, Masaki Shiota & Masatoshi Eto

Department of Urology, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan

Naoki Terada & Toshiyuki Kamoto

Department of Urology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan

Toshihiro Saito

Department of Urology, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

Akira Yokomizo

Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan

Naoki Kohei

Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Takayuki Goto

Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan

Sadafumi Kawamura

Department of Urology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

Yasuhiro Hashimoto

Department of Urology, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Hakodate, Japan

Atsushi Takahashi

Department of Urology, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan

Takahiro Kimura

Department of Urology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan

Ken-ichi Tabata

Department of Urology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan

Ryotaro Tomida

Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan

Kohei Hashimoto

Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan

Toshihiko Sakurai

Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki Cancer Center, Kasama, Japan

Toru Shimazui

Department of Urology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Shinichi Sakamoto

Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan

Manabu Kamiyama

Department of Urology, and Department of Prostate Brachytherapy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

Nobumichi Tanaka

Department of Urology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Koji Mitsuzuka

Department of Urology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

Takuma Kato

Department of Urology, Akita University, Akita, Japan

Shintaro Narita

Department of Urology, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan

Hiroaki Yasumoto

Department of Urology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan

Shogo Teraoka

Department of Urology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Masashi Kato

Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Takahiro Osawa

Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan

Yoshiyuki Nagumo

Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan

Hiroaki Matsumoto

Department of Urology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

Hideki Enokida

Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

Takayuki Sugiyama

Department of Urology, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan

Kentaro Kuroiwa

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

Hiroshi Kitamura

Concept and design: MS and ME; acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: TT and MS; drafting of the manuscript: TT; critical revision of the manuscript: all authors; statistical analysis: TT and MS; administrative, technical, or material support: all authors; supervision: ME.