Matías-Guiu J, Porta-Etessam J, Mateos V, et al. One-year prevalence of migraine in Spain: a nationwide population-based survey. Cephalalgia. 2011;31(4):463–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410382794.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stovner LJ, Nichols E, Steiner TJ, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(11):954–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30322-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sacco S, Braschinsky M, Ducros A, et al. European headache federation consensus on the definition of resistant and refractory migraine. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01130-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sevivas H, Fresco P. Treatment of resistant chronic migraine with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review. Eur J Med Res. 2022;27(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00716-w.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sacco S, Amin FM, Ashina M, et al. European Headache Federation guideline on the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene related peptide pathway for migraine prevention – 2022 update. J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01431-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Bigal ME, et al. Fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(22):2113–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1709038.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Detke HC, Goadsby PJ, Wang S, et al. Galcanezumab in chronic migraine. Neurology. 2018;91(24):e2211–21. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006640.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Riesenberg R, Gaul C, Stroud CE, et al. Long-term open-label safety study of galcanezumab in patients with episodic or chronic cluster headache. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(12):1225–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024221103509.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charles A, Pozo-Rosich P. Targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide: a new era in migraine therapy. Lancet. 2019;394(10210):1765–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32504-8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mavridis T, Deligianni C, Karagiorgis G, et al. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP: from clinical studies to real-world evidence—What do we know so far? Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(7):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14070700.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ihara K, Ohtani S, Watanabe N, et al. Predicting response to CGRP-monoclonal antibodies in patients with migraine in Japan: a single-centre retrospective observational study. J Headache Pain. 2023;24(1):23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01556-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Quintana S, Russo M, Manzoni GC, et al. Comparison study between erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab in the preventive treatment of high frequency episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(9):5757–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06254-x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torres-Ferrús M, Gallardo VJ, Alpuente A, et al. The impact of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in resistant migraine patients: a real-world evidence observational study. J Neurol. 2021;268(10):3789–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10523-8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iannone LF, Fattori D, Benemei S, et al. Long-term effectiveness of three anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in resistant chronic migraine patients based on the MIDAS score. CNS Drugs. 2022;36(2):191–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-021-00893-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alex A, Vaughn C, Rayhill M. Safety and tolerability of 3 CGRP monoclonal antibodies in practice: a retrospective cohort study. Headache. 2020;60(10):2454–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13956.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caronna E, Gallardo VJ, Alpuente A, et al. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in chronic migraine with medication overuse: real-life effectiveness and predictors of response at 6 months. J Headache Pain. 2021;22(1):120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01328-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alpuente A, Torre-Sune A, Caronna E, et al. Impact of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies on migraine attack accompanying symptoms: a real-world evidence study. Cephalalgia. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024231177636.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silvestro M, Tessitore A, di Clemente S, et al. Refractory migraine profile in CGRP-monoclonal antibodies scenario. Acta Neurol Scand. 2021;144(33):325–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.13472.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ornello R, Casalena A, Frattale I, et al. Real-life data on the efficacy and safety of erenumab in the Abruzzo region, central Italy. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01102-9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Karsan N, Gosalia H, Goadsby PJ. Molecular mechanisms of migraine: nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptides. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(15):11993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511993.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Labastida-Ramírez A, Caronna E, Gollion C, et al. Mode and site of action of therapies targeting CGRP signaling. J Headache Pain. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01644-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kristoffersen ES, Lundqvist C. Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(2):87–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614522683.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krymchantowski AV, Jevoux C, Krymchantowski AG, et al. Monoclonal antibodies for chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: a real-world study. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1129439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1129439.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lampl C, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Deligianni CI, et al. The comparative effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Headache Pain. 2023;24(1):56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01594-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar