Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster and Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany

Marisol Herrera-Rivero & Bernhard T. Baune

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

Mazda Adli & Thomas Stamm

Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Mazda Adli

Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan

Kazufumi Akiyama

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Baltimore, USA

Nirmala Akula, Liping Hou, Layla Kassem, Gonzalo Laje & Francis J. McMahon

Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Azmeraw T. Amare, Micah Cearns, Scott R. Clark & Klaus Oliver Schubert

Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Raffaella Ardau & Caterina Chillotti

Unitat de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica (Dpt. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain

Bárbara Arias

Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Specialities, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

Jean-Michel Aubry, Roland Hasler & Hélène Richard-Lepouriel

Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Jean-Michel Aubry & Hélène Richard-Lepouriel

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Lena Backlund, Catharina Lavebratt, Vincent Millischer & Martin Schalling

Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, F. Widal, Paris, France

Frank Bellivier & Bruno Etain

Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain

Antonio Benabarre

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Susanne Bengesser, Armin Birner, Nina Dalkner & Eva Reininghaus

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA

Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, John Kelsoe, Michael J. McCarthy, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Tatyana Shekhtman & Paul D. Shilling

Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

Joanna M. Biernacka

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

Joanna M. Biernacka & Mark A. Frye

The Neuromodulation Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada

Pablo Cervantes

Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Hsi-Chung Chen

Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Sven Cichon, Stefan Herms & Per Hoffmann

Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Sven Cichon

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany

Sven Cichon & Andreas J. Forstner

Mental Health Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Francesc Colom

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Francesc Colom & Marina Mitjans

Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Cristiana Cruceanu & Gustavo Turecki

Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

Piotr M. Czerski & Joanna Hauser

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Franziska Degenhardt, Andreas J. Forstner, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann & Markus M. Nöthen

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Maria Del Zompo, Claudia Pisanu, Giovanni Severino & Alessio Squassina

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

J. Raymond DePaulo, Fernando S. Goes, Francis M. Mondimore, James B. Potash, Barbara W. Schweizer & Thomas G. Schulze

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany

Peter Falkai, Sergi Papiol & Eva C. Schulte

Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak & Janusz K. Rybakowski

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Stephanie H. Witt & Marcella Rietschel

Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Louise Frisén

Neuroscience Research, Australia and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Janice M. Fullerton & Peter R. Schofield

Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Peru

Carla Gallo

Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France

Sébastien Gard

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

Julie S. Garnham, Claire O’Donovan, Claire M. Slaney & Martin Alda

Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu

Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Paul Grof

Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

Ryota Hashimoto

Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Urs Heilbronner, Sergi Papiol, Eva C. Schulte & Thomas G. Schulze

Program for Quantitative Genomics, Harvard School of Public Health and HSL Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Yi-Hsiang Hsu

Univ. Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

Stephane Jamain

Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain

Esther Jiménez & Eduard Vieta

Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy - Université, Nancy, France

Jean-Pierre Kahn

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

Tadafumi Kato

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Sarah Kittel-Schneider

Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Po-Hsiu Kuo

Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

Ichiro Kusumi

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria

Barbara König

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden

Mikael Landén

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Mikael Landén

Univ. Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, Mondor University Hospital, DMU Impact, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

Marion Leboyer

Office of Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, California, USA

Susan G. Leckband

Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy

Mario Maj

Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Mirko Manchia

Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

Mirko Manchia

Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006, Paris, France

Cynthia Marie-Claire

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Lina Martinsson

Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

Michael J. McCarthy

Department of Psychiatry, Lindner Center of Hope/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA

Susan L. McElroy

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Vincent Millischer

Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de La Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Marina Mitjans

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy

Palmiero Monteleone

National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic

Tomas Novák & Pavla Stopkova

Department of Psychiatry & Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Norio Ozaki

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Andrea Pfennig & Michael Bauer

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

Andreas Reif & Julia Veeh

School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Gloria Roberts & Philip B. Mitchell

Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Guy A. Rouleau

Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Mental Health Services, Adelaide, Australia

Klaus Oliver Schubert

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Eva C. Schulte

Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan

Katzutaka Shimoda

Medical Faculty, Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria

Christian Simhandl

Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA

Fasil Tekola-Ayele

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Anbupalam Thalamuthu

Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Alfonso Tortorella

Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India

Biju Viswanath

Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA

Peter P. Zandi

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

Thomas G. Schulze

Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Bernhard T. Baune

MHR: study conception and design, data analysis, manuscript preparation. BTB: study conception, supervision, manuscript editing. All other authors are ConLiGen members, which contributed to the clinical and genetic data used in the study, and provided overall feedback on the manuscript.