Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Steffen Fieuws for providing advice about the statistical analyses. Part of the results presented in this manuscript was presented at the 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes, 27–30 April 2022, in Barcelona, Spain.

Data availability

This analysis is based on data from participants of RESCUE [15] and FUTURE [16] at the University Hospitals of Leuven. Selected anonymous data collected in the study and additional documents can be made available to others not involved in the study, on the basis of a reasonable request. Please contact Dr Pieter Gillard: pieter.gillard@uzleuven.be.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors’ relationships and activities

JDM received research support from Tandem and Dexcom via KU Leuven. SC received research support from Roche Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi via KU Leuven. MMV received non-financial support for travel from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim via UZ Leuven. MMV serves or has served on the speakers’ bureau for Dexcom; financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. CDB received consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Insulet, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk and Roche. CM serves or has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Merck Sharp and Dohme Ltd, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Medtronic, ActoBio Therapeutics, Pfizer, Imcyse, Insulet, Zealand Pharma, Avotres, Mannkind, Sandoz and Vertex. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven; KU Leuven has also received research support for CM from Medtronic, Imcyse, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and ActoBio Therapeutics. CM serves or has served on the speakers’ bureau for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca and Novartis. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. CM is president of EASD. All external support of EASD is given on www.easd.org. PG serves or has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Medtronic, Abbott and Bayer. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. PG serves or has served on the speakers’ bureau for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Medtronic, Insulet, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Roche, VitalAire and Dexcom. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. KU Leuven received non-financial support for travel for PG from Sanofi-Aventis, A. Menarini Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic and Roche.

Contribution statement

JDM designed the study, collected and analysed the data, performed statistical analyses, wrote the manuscript, and created figures and tables. SC, MMV, CM and PG designed the study, collected and discussed the data, and edited the manuscript. CDB discussed the data and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version to be published. JDM and PG are the guarantors of this work, and, as such, had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.