Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Diaque P, Hernandez S, Rosas S, Kostic A, Caballero AE (2019) Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population living in the United States. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 35(2):e3097. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3097

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

All Us Res Program Investigators (2019) The “All of Us” Research Program. N Engl J Med 381(7):668–676. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1809937

Article  Google Scholar 

Allen VC Jr, Lachance C, Rios-Ellis B, Kaphingst KA (2011) Issues in the assessment of “race” among Latinos: Implications for Research and Policy. Hisp J Behav Sci 33(4):411–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986311422880

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Banda Y, Kvale MN, Hoffmann TJ, Hesselson SE, Ranatunga D, Tang H, Sabatti C, Croen LA, Dispensa BP, Henderson M, Iribarren C, Jorgenson E, Kushi LH, Ludwig D, Olberg D, Quesenberry CP Jr, Rowell S, Sadler M, Sakoda LC, Risch N (2015) Characterizing race/ethnicity and genetic ancestry for 100,000 subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult health and aging (GERA) cohort. Genetics 200(4):1285–1295. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.178616

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belbin GM, Cullina S, Wenric S, Soper ER, Glicksberg BS, Torre D, Moscati A, Wojcik GL, Shemirani R, Beckmann ND, Cohain A, Sorokin EP, Park DS, Ambite JL, Ellis S, Auton A, Team CG, Regeneron Genetics C, Bottinger EP et al (2021) Toward a fine-scale population health monitoring system. Cell 184(8):2068–2083 e2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.034

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belbin GM, Nieves-Colon MA, Kenny EE, Moreno-Estrada A, Gignoux CR (2018) Genetic diversity in populations across Latin America: implications for population and medical genetic studies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 53:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2018.07.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Below JE, Gamazon ER, Morrison JV, Konkashbaev A, Pluzhnikov A, McKeigue PM, Parra EJ, Elbein SC, Hallman DM, Nicolae DL, Bell GI, Cruz M, Cox NJ, Hanis CL (2011) Genome-wide association and meta-analysis in populations from Starr County, Texas, and Mexico City identify type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci and enrichment for expression quantitative trait loci in top signals. Diabetologia 54(8):2047–2055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2188-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bitarello BD, Mathieson I (2020) Polygenic scores for height in admixed populations. G3 (Bethesda) 10(11):4027–4036. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401658

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bryc K, Durand EY, Macpherson JM, Reich D, Mountain JL (2015) The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States. Am J Hum Genet 96(1):37–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Butler JZ, Carson M, Rios-Fetchko F, Vargas R, Cabrera A, Gallegos-Castillo A, LeSarre M, Liao M, Woo K, Ellis R, Liu K, Burra A, Ramirez M, Doyle B, Leung L, Fernandez A, Grumbach K (2022) COVID-19 vaccination readiness among multiple racial and ethnic groups in the San Francisco Bay area: a qualitative analysis. PloS One 17(5):e0266397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266397

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cabral J, Cuevas AG (2020) Health Inequities Among Latinos/Hispanics: documentation status as a determinant of health. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 7(5):874–879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00710-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang E, Blondon K, Lyles C, Jordan L, Ralston JD (2018) Racial/ethnic variation in devices used to access patient portals. Am J Manag Care 24(1):e1–e8

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi SW, Mak TS, O'Reilly PF (2020) Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses. Nat Protoc 15(9):2759–2772. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0353-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Conomos MP, Laurie CA, Stilp AM, Gogarten SM, McHugh CP, Nelson SC, Sofer T, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Justice AE, Graff M, Young KL, Seyerle AA, Avery CL, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Schneiderman N et al (2016) Genetic diversity and association studies in US Hispanic/Latino populations: applications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Hum Genet 98(1):165–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dalva-Baird NP, Alobuia WM, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J (2021) Racial and ethnic inequities in the early distribution of U.S. COVID-19 testing sites and mortality. Eur J Clin Invest 51(11):e13669. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13669

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daviglus ML, Pirzada A, Talavera GA (2014) Cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Hispanic/Latino population: lessons from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Prog Cardiovasc Dis 57(3):230–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2014.07.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DIAbetes Genetics Replication Meta-analysis Consortium, Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network Type 2 Diabetes Consortium, South Asian Type 2 Diabetes Consortium, Mexican American Type 2 Diabetes Consortium, Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Nex-generation sequencing in multi-Ethnic Samples Consortium, Mahajan A, Go MJ, Zhang W, Below JE, Gaulton KJ, Ferreira T, Horikoshi M, Johnson AD, Ng MC, Prokopenko I, Saleheen D, Wang X, Zeggini E, Abecasis GR et al (2014) Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Nat Genet 46(3):234–244. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2897

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fejerman L, Ahmadiyeh N, Hu D, Huntsman S, Beckman KB, Caswell JL, Tsung K, John EM, Torres-Mejia G, Carvajal-Carmona L, Echeverry MM, Tuazon AM, Ramirez C, Consortium C, Gignoux CR, Eng C, Gonzalez-Burchard E, Henderson B, Le Marchand L et al (2014) Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas identifies novel protective variants on 6q25. Nat Commun 5:5260. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6260

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fisher-Hoch SP, Vatcheva KP, Laing ST, Hossain MM, Rahbar MH, Hanis CL, Brown HS 3rd, Rentfro AR, Reininger BM, McCormick JB (2012) Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican American population, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, 2003-2008. Prev Chronic Dis 9:110298. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110298

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flores Rosario K, Mehta A, Ayers C, Engel Gonzalez P, Pandey A, Khera R, Kaplan R, Blaha MJ, Khera A, Blumenthal RS, Nasir K, Rodriguez CJ, Joshi PH (2021) Performance of the pooled cohort equations in Hispanic individuals across the United States: insights from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and the Dallas heart study. J Am Heart Assoc 10(9):e018410. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018410

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garrido T, Kanter M, Meng D, Turley M, Wang J, Sue V, Scott L (2015) Race/ethnicity, personal health record access, and quality of care. Am J Manag Care 21(2):e103–e113 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25880485

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaziano JM, Concato J, Brophy M, Fiore L, Pyarajan S, Breeling J, Whitbourne S, Deen J, Shannon C, Humphries D, Guarino P, Aslan M, Anderson D, LaFleur R, Hammond T, Schaa K, Moser J, Huang G, Muralidhar S, O’Leary TJ (2016) Million veteran program: A mega-biobank to study genetic influences on health and disease. J Clin Epidemiol 70:214–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heintzman J, Dinh D, Lucas JA, Byhoff E, Crookes DM, April-Sanders A, Kaufmann J, Boston D, Hsu A, Giebultowicz S, Marino M (2023) Answering calls for rigorous health equity research: a cross-sectional study leveraging electronic health records for data disaggregation in Latinos. Fam Med. Community Health 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2022-001972

Hoffman J, Fejerman L, Hu D, Huntsman S, Li M, John EM, Torres-Mejia G, Kushi L, Ding YC, Weitzel J, Neuhausen SL, Lott P, Consortium C, Echeverry M, Carvajal-Carmona L, Burchard E, Eng C, Long J, Zheng W et al (2019) Identification of novel common breast cancer risk variants at the 6q25 locus among Latinas. Breast Cancer Res 21(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1085-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Homburger JR, Moreno-Estrada A, Gignoux CR, Nelson D, Sanchez E, Ortiz-Tello P, Pons-Estel BA, Acevedo-Vasquez E, Miranda P, Langefeld CD, Gravel S, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Bustamante CD (2015) Genomic insights into the ancestry and demographic history of South America. PLoS Genet 11(12):e1005602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson R, Ding Y, Bhattacharya A, Knyazev S, Chiu A, Lajonchere C, Geschwind DH, Pasaniuc B (2023) The UCLA ATLAS Community Health initiative: promoting precision health research in a diverse biobank. Cell Genom 3(1):100243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100243

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jones N, Marks R, Ramirez R, Rios-Vargas M (2021) 2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country. United States Census Bureau Retrieved 30 April 2022 from https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html

Google Scholar 

Kim MS, Patel KP, Teng AK, Berens AJ, Lachance J (2018) Genetic disease risks can be misestimated across global populations. Genome Biol 19(1):179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1561-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Knoppers BM (2014) Framework for responsible sharing of genomic and health-related data. Hugo J 8(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11568-014-0003-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lambert SA, Gil L, Jupp S, Ritchie SC, Xu Y, Buniello A, McMahon A, Abraham G, Chapman M, Parkinson H, Danesh J, MacArthur JAL, Inouye M (2021) The Polygenic Score Catalog as an open database for reproducibility and systematic evaluation. Nat Genet 53(4):420–425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00783-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lavange LM, Kalsbeek WD, Sorlie PD, Aviles-Santa LM, Kaplan RC, Barnhart J, Liu K, Giachello A, Lee DJ, Ryan J, Criqui MH, Elder JP (2010) Sample design and cohort selection in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol 20(8):642–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.006

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central