Background Acute pesticide poisoning is a primary public health concern in Bangladesh, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality, primarily due to deliberate self-harm. Accurate and timely identification of the ingested pesticide is essential for effective management, but this remains challenging due to limited toxicological resources and inadequate information at the point of care.

Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from June 2017 to February 2018. Patients aged 18 years and older presenting with features of acute pesticide poisoning were enrolled if they could provide a sample of the ingested substance, either physically or digitally (via photos or messaging apps). Clinical characteristics, toxidromes, and outcomes were recorded using a standardized case record form. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 to identify toxicological patterns and predictors of mortality.

Results Among 236 patients, organophosphate compounds (OPCs) accounted for 52.2% of cases, followed by miticides (21.1%), herbicides (9.1%), and carbamates (3.4%). Intentional ingestion accounted for 93% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 12.7% (30 deaths), with OPCs responsible for 66.7% of fatalities. A Glasgow Coma Scale score below 9 (OR 12.12; p<0.001) and constricted pupils at admission were significant predictors of poor outcomes. Illiteracy was also associated with increased mortality (OR 3.78; p=0.002). Identifying the ingested agent through physical or digital samples substantially aided clinical decision-making.

Conclusion Acute pesticide poisoning in Bangladesh is primarily due to OPCs and affects predominantly young adults. Collection of ingested agent samples, including digital images, can facilitate targeted treatment and improve outcomes in resource-limited healthcare settings.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This study was funded by Syngenta Pharmaceutical limited

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Dhaka Medical College Hospital

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All authors contributed to the study conception, design, data collection, and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved of the final manuscript.

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Dhaka Medical College Hospital.

All data produced in the present work are contained in the manuscript