Bajaj JS, Wade JB, Sanyal AJ. Spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis: implications for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2009;50(6):2014–2021
Amodio P, Del Piccolo F, Pettenò E, et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of quantified electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 2001;35(1):37–45
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sharma BC, Maharshi S. Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy recurrence. Clin Liver Dis 2015;5(3):64–67
Lauridsen MM, Jepsen P, Wernberg CW, et al. Validation of a simple quality-of-life score for identification of minimal and prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatol Commun 2020;4(9):1353–1361
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology 2009;137(3):885-891.e1
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2010;362(12):1071–1081
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Agrawal A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(7):1043–1050
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shen YC, Chang YH, Fang CJ, et al. Zinc supplementation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2019;18(1):34
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gluud LL, Dam G, Les I, et al. Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;2:CD001939
Butterworth RF. The liver-brain axis in liver failure: neuroinflammation and encephalopathy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:522–528
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jain L, Sharma BC, Srivastava S, et al. Serum endotoxin, inflammatory mediators, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after treatment in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:1187–1193
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bajaj JS, Ridlon JM, Hylemon PB, et al. Linkage of gut microbiome with cognition in hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012;302:G168–G175
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Sanyal AJ, et al. Modulation of the metabiome by rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy. PLoS ONE 2013;8: e60042
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bombassaro IZ, Tovo CV, De Mattos ÂZ, et al. Albumin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol 2021;26: 100541
Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, et al. Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter survey on safety and efficacy. Hepatology 2013;57(6):2448–2457
Mukund A, Rajesh S, Arora A, et al. Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of large spontaneous lienorenal shunt in patients with severe recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with foam sclerotherapy: initial experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012;23(9):1200–1206
Lv Y, Chen H, Luo B, et al. Concurrent large spontaneous portosystemic shunt embolization for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 2022;76(3):676–688
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yi F, Guo X, Wang L, et al. Impact of spontaneous splenorenal shunt on liver volume and long-term survival of liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;36(6):1694–1702
Greinert R, Zipprich A, Simón-Talero M, et al. Covert hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous portosystemic shunts increase the risk of developing overt hepatic encephalopathy. Liver Int 2020;40(12):3093–3102
Sharma P, Sharma BC, Agrawal A, et al. Primary prophylaxis of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: an open labeled randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus no lactulose. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27(8):1329–1335
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bajaj JS, Sanyal AJ, Bell D, et al. Predictors of the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in lactulose-treated patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31(9):1012–1017
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Leevy CB, Phillips JA. Hospitalizations during the use of rifaximin versus lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52(3):737–741
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Descombe JJ, Dubourg D, Picard M, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of rifaximin after oral administration in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1994;14(2):51–56
Sidhu SS, Goyal O, Parker RA, et al. Rifaximin vs. lactulose in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Liver Int 2016;36(3):378–385
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Riggio O, Ridola L, Pasquale C, et al. Evidence of persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9(2):181–183
Dhiman RK, Rana B, Agrawal S, et al. Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2014;147(6):1327-1337.e3
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Vlachogiannakos J, Viazis N, Vasianopoulou P, et al. Long-term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis: rifaximin improves prognosis in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28(3):450–455
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Amodio P. Hepatic encephalopathy: diagnosis and management. Liver Int 2018;38(6):966–975
Zeng X, Sheng X, Wang PQ, et al. Low-dose rifaximin prevents complications and improves survival in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Int 2021;15(1):155–165
Abdel Moneim M, Abdelaziz DH, Ibrahim Nagy Y, et al. Rifaximin microbial resistance and its efficacy and safety as a secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(11): e14807
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Glal KAM, Abd-Elsalam SM, Mostafa TM. Nitazoxanide versus rifaximin in preventing the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Hepatobil Pancreat Sci 2021;28(10):812–824
Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Wade JB, et al. Rifaximin improves driving simulator performance in a randomized trial of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 2011;140(2):478-487.e1
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
De Jong LA, Van Schoonhoven AV, Hofstra HS, et al. Budget impact of optimizing rifaximin-α use for the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy in The Netherlands. J Med Econ 2021;24(1):1149–1163
Comments (0)