aService d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique –Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, le Kremlin-Bicetre

bINSERM SC10-US19 Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses; CESP Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations U1018, Villejuif

cParis-Saclay University, Faculty of Medicine, le Kremlin-Bicetre, France

dPublic Health Service Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases

eAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine

fAmsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (AII), and Amsterdam Public Health research institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Correspondence to Dr Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, GGD Amsterdam, PO Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 11 February, 2024

Accepted 15 February, 2024