1Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

2Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

3Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

4Department of Economics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

5Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

6Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

7Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

8Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

aEmail for corresponding author: [email protected]

Disclosure: No external funding was received for this work. The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/H975).