Malik A, Hayat G, Kalia JS, Guzman MA (2016) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: clinical approach and management. Front Neurol 20(7):64. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2016.00064

Article  Google Scholar 

Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL (2018) Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep 20(4):21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-018-0732-6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Troyanov Y, Landon-Cardinal O, Fritzler MJ, Ferreira J, Targoff IN, Rich E, Goulet M, Goulet JR, Bourré-Tessier J, Robitaille Y, Drouin J, Albert A, Senécal JL (2017) Atorvastatin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myositis: an emerging dominant entity in patients with autoimmune myositis presenting with a pure polymyositis phenotype. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(3):e5694. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005694

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

JayamTrouth A, Dabi A, Solieman N, Kurukumbi M, Kalyanam J (2012) Myasthenia gravis: a review. Autoimmune Dis 2012:874680. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/874680

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Meriggioli MN, Sanders DB (2012) Muscle autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis: beyond diagnosis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 8(5):427–438. https://doi.org/10.1586/eci.12.34

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rousseff RT (2021) Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. J Clin Med 10(8):1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081736

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frasson E, Simonetto M, Bertolasi L, Caneve G, Vilotti C, Ruzza G, Perelli A, Piccinno MG, Monaco S (2021) Statin-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy with concurrent myasthenia gravis. Clin Case Rep 9(5):e03925. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3925

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stancu C, Sima A (2001) Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 5(4):378–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00172.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Attardo S, Musumeci O, Velardo D, Toscano A (2022) Statins neuromuscular adverse effects. Int J Mol Sci 23(15):8364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158364

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Villa L, Lerario A, Calloni S, Peverelli L, Matinato C, De Liso F, Ceriotti F, Tironi R, Sciacco M, Moggio M, Triulzi F, Cinnante C (2018) Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy due to statins exposure. Acta Myol 37(4):257–262

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mammen AL (2011) Autoimmune myopathies: autoantibodies, phenotypes and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Neurol 7(6):343–354. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.63

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohassel P, Mammen AL (2018) Anti-HMGCR myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 5(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.3233/JND-170282

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Selva-O’Callaghan A, Alvarado-Cardenas M, Pinal-Fernández I, Trallero-Araguás E, Milisenda JC, Martínez MÁ, Marín A, Labrador-Horrillo M, Juárez C, Grau-Junyent JM (2018) Statin-induced myalgia and myositis: an update on pathogenesis and clinical recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 14(3):215–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2018.1440206. (Epub 2018 Feb 23)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Joudeh AI, Albuni MK, Hassen SS, Iqbal P, Aziz Bedair EM, Mahdi S (2022) A case report of statin-induced immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy treatment challenges. Case Rep Rheumatol 31(2022):4647227. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4647227

Article  Google Scholar 

Keogh MJ, Findlay JM, Leach S, Bowen J (2010) Statin-associated weakness in myasthenia gravis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 20(4):61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-4-61

Article  Google Scholar 

Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR (1991) Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis. J Ky Med Assoc 89(4):169–173

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ranjit E, Sapra A, Etherton A, Wasey W, Bhandari P (2020) “Shawl Sign” as a paraneoplastic dermatosis. Cureus 12(4):e7498. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7498

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merlant M, Fite C, Kottler D, Maisonobe L, Dossier A, Deschamps L, Descamps V (2019) Myopathie nécrosante auto-immune à anticorps anti-HMGCR induite par les statines et révélée par un tableau évocateur de dermatomyosite [Dermatomyositis-like syndrome revealing statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy with anti-HMGCR antibodies]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 146(8–9):550–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2018.12.010(Epub 2019 Mar 29)

Akivis Y, Kurup M, John S (2022) Statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myositis. J Med Cases 13(10):513–516. https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc4010. (Epub 2022 Oct 31)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gagliardo CM, Noto D, Giammanco A, Maltese S, Vecchio L, Lavatura G, Cacciatore V, Barbagallo CM, Ganci A, Nardi E, Ciaccio M, Lo Presti R, Cefalù AB, Averna M (2023) Statin-induced autoimmune myositis: a proposal of an “experience-based” diagnostic algorithm from the analysis of 69 patients. Intern Emerg Med 18(4):1095–1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-023-03278-9. (Epub 2023 May 5)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kassardjian CD, Lennon VA, Alfugham NB, Mahler M, Milone M (2015) Clinical features and treatment outcomes of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. JAMA Neurol 72(9):996–1003. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1207

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mammen AL (2016) Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. N Engl J Med 374(7):664–669. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1515161

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meyer A, Troyanov Y, Drouin J, Oligny-Longpré G, Landon-Cardinal O, Hoa S, Hervier B, Bourré-Tessier J, Mansour AM, Hussein S, Morin V, Rich E, Goulet JR, Chartrand S, Hudson M, Nehme J, Makhzoum JP, Zarka F, Villeneuve E, Raynauld JP, Landry M, O’Ferrall EK, Ferreira J, Ellezam B, Karamchandani J, Larue S, Massie R, Isabelle C, Deschênes I, Leclair V, Couture H, Targoff IN, Fritzler MJ, Senécal JL (2020) Statin-induced anti-HMGCR myopathy: successful therapeutic strategies for corticosteroid-free remission in 55 patients. Arthritis Res Ther 22(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-019-2093-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar