aFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

bCeliac Disease Research Laboratory, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy

cDivision of Pediatrics, DISCO Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy

dMucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

Received 4 December 2023 Accepted 4 February 2024.

Correspondence to Anil K. Verma, Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60123, Italy Tel: +39 071 596 28 34; fax: +39 071 36281; e-mail: [email protected]