aDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland

bLiver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston

cDepartment of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Diseases, Roger L Jenkins Transplant Institute, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA

Received 16 August 2023 Accepted 6 November 2023.

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Correspondence to David Uihwan Lee, MD, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Tel: +410 328 8667; fax: +410 328 2358; e-mail: [email protected]